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Chp. 34.4 Security in a Dangerous World

By: Joel VanAllen & Connor Smith

9/11/01

2014

The Power of Modern Weapons

  • The Nuclear Nonproliferation treaty

-1986, Russia, the U.S., and 60 other countries sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation treaty

- Treaty did not proliferate, or rapidly spread, to nations that had no nuclear weapons

- 187 nations sign the treaty by 2000

- Nations that signed the treaty work around it by selling or buying nuclear materials instead of weapons

The Problem with Russia

- Soviet Union collapsed, stockpiles of nuclear weapons remain throughout its former territory

- The Russian Government was unstable, and had no control over the materials

- Fear of smuggling nuclear materials grew high

- Europe and the U.S. increased fundings to help Russia secure its nuclear weapons

Weapons of Mass Destruction

  • WMD's appear on the map

- Asia, Europe, and North America begin to produce these weapons abundantly

  • Biological weapons refers to organisms carrying diseases
  • Chemical weapons include toxins, such as nerve gas or mustard gas
  • Nuclear weapons include atoms bombs and hydrogen bombs
  • Rogue states- nations that ignore international laws limiting WMD's

Terrorism threatens Global Security

  • Terrorism- the use of violence by groups of extremists to achieve political goals
  • Regional terrorist

- IRA (Irish Republican Army), forced Britain to give up Northern Ireland

- ETA (Basque terrorist group), seeks to compel the Spanish government to allow their region of the Pyrenees to secede

- The Tamil Tigers, in Sri Lanka, combine guerilla warfare and terrorist bondings to achieve their goal of founding a sepearte state

- The Shining Path, in Peru, use violence and murder to overthrow the government and set up their own regimes

The Rise of al Qaeda

- al Qaeda- " the base" in Arabic

  • Leader of the al Qaeda was Osama bin Laden
  • Helped warlords in Afghanistan drive Soviets out of the country during the 1980s.
  • Denounced American business interests, political influence, and military power from Saudi Arabia

The War on Terrorism

  • 9/11 forced nations around the world to re-evaluate their enemies, allies, and their own security
  • 2003- President George W. Bush declared war on terrorism as a whole and on al Qaeda in particular

Wars in Afghanistan & Iraq

  • Afghanistan- Islamic nation roughly 1,000 miles east of Iraq, where many al Qaeda leaders hid from authorities
  • Taliban- Islamic fundamentalist group acting as government of Afghanistan
  • Two years after the war in Afghanistan, President Bush urged Congress to declare war on Iraq in fear that Saddam was developing WMD's
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