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What is Minspeak?

"Min-Speak"

MINimum-effort-SPEAKing

Bruce Baker

Who uses Minspeak?

Minspeak: A different way to look at pictures

Many users have a physical disability

Many successful users of AAC use Minspeak systems

whilst he is learning to read and to write Lennart can say what he wants

the German Hot Speakers group

Using his eyes he speaks with an Accent 1400

Children and Adults with learning disability & autism

USAAC President Chris Klein und Peter Zein - Minspeak users

Different MAPs use Minspeak in different ways

In free play, Julia learns to construct sentences

Minspeak Strategy

Words and Pictures

Representing words

Vocabulary selection

Representation of words

Organizing words

"speaking verbs"

ask

Vocabulary development

look it up in a book

vocabulary is accessed via a structured keyboard

speak

Core vocabulary

personal "core"

For non-picture producers the artist must first think of a story

with a friend

shout

at the game

If the meaning of pictures is to be guessable we must examine the relationship between words and pictures

The simple words in language are not picture producers

Words are created letter by letter

hmmm...wie how can I draw "bad?

What is it like?

it is a "bad" drawing

parts of speech

basic morphology

bad

tell

explain

an idea

a story

Other words such as "like", "always" or "again"are not picture producers

basic vocabulary

flexibility of use

extended vocabulary

self directed learning

Selecting vocabulary

Some words are like "cookie". We call them "picture producers"

^

parts of speech

basic morphology

"hearing words"

hear

we hear

categories

literacy skills

...others are "opaque". We must learn the meaning

Some pictures may be "translucent" - ie we can recognize the assigned meaning when we learn it

We call the picture "transparent". Most people will guess the meaning we have assigned the picture

loud

The development of vocabulary in AAC has many similarities to second language learning

volume "up"

whistle

the referee whistles

What is the story? How will I teach the story?

..Oder stehen permanent in festen Positionen

Not all words are equally easy to guess

The whole word remains constantly in view, easing mental rehearsal and motor planning

quiet

volume down

During normal language development children choose their own words. Working with AAC users we carry a special responsibility because they can only use the words that we choose for them.

Individual words are arranged on "pages" according to various categories

How to readers and non-readers learn non-picture producing words?

To represent a picture producing word, the artist draw an object or an activity

Each picture on the path to a word is part of a single story

A target vocabulary encourages modeling and long-term planning

Content vocabulary

Pictures and words lead directly to each other

cookie

bad

Offering words or sentences?

EVERYBODY uses the same simple words

Core vocabulary

hattet

haben

hatte

hast

hat

gehabt

habt

habe

hatte

without the ability to use the different forms of words, the user of a device with speech output can never become fully independent

Morphology and AAC

more non-English research is needed

Using sentences interactions may flow smoothly...

Communication is more than naming and requesting

have, want, go, mine, the, you, all, yes, no, in, out, and, what

Organize words

Teach communication

We read and understand the story

Most picture producing words are objects or activities

alphabetic

Content vocabulary

we were just there!

I want to visit Granny!

The pre-stored sentence "I want to visit Granny!" is not understood as a general message about Granny (or a car trip) but simply as aconcrete wish. The result - misunderstanding

Part of Speech

Theme

Cookie, mom, time

...they offer little preparation for free communication

Wortstrategie 84

A large amount of information can be stored

Pop-up for functions and transparent symbols

Vocabulary Modules

Vocabulary Builder

Common words are more abstract

For independent communication AAC users need access to single words

If AAC users have no access to core vocabulary, then communication partners can only guess

Minspeak: combines a keyboard for core vocabulary and pages and pictures for content words

Standardized vocabulary allows the structured creation of teaching materials

Core vocabulary

ich, nochmal, nicht, zusammen, gut, schlecht

person, number, tense

case

Core vocabulary: The basis of Minspeak

many

again

content words in the activity row

Vocabulary is reduced so that focus words appear where they will always be

Categories and meanings

Representation of Morphology

Picture keyboard for all other words

Exploration & motor Planning

Modelling

This task is easily underestimated because for the reader it happens automatically

Lennarts mother shows him what he can't quite do, but soon could

By representing morphology directly on the keyboard each form is an individual vocabulary item

Morphology on the keyboard supports motor learning. Each selection reduces the visual information

Communication partners need to be able to talk with the system, too

Symbols for everyday words can't be guessed

Three methods to structure the organization of vocabulary in a communication device

Learning Minspeak is a continuous process of language development

Vocabulary and forms remain systematic and visible

Picture producing words are generally names of things.

anwer:"I" and "me"

anwer:"like"

prestored words or sentences

or is confused by multiple identical stories

When drawing non-picture-producers the artist draws a "story"

anwer:"I" and "me"

Nobody can talk with only the names of things

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