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Transcript

Deduction

  • Is the process of reasoning in which a conclusion is reached.
  • Being able to conclude using particular instances using principles.
  • Used to prove the existence of God.

Reason

Empiricism

  • Empiricists believe that all ideas come from sense experience and that all ideas are either simple or complex.
  • Simple ideas: ideas based only on perception.
  • Complex: Simple ideas combined together.
  • Whatever we learn, we learn through perception.
  • Rationalists believe that reason is the main source of knowledge.
  • Rationalist tend to believe that the five senses give you an opinion on something but they don't explain why something is the way it is.

Innate Ideas

  • Rationalists claim that when we are born we already have some sort of ideas that we draw upon in order to understand the world, this are called innate ideas.

Examples

  • Mathematical truths (2 + 2 = 4),
  • Truths about God (that He exists, is good, all powerful)
  • Plato describes innate ideas with his theory of forms , the place where everyone goes to obtain knowledge before returning to the world.

Innate Ideas

Induction

  • Empiricists reject the idea of innate ideas because if a baby knows everything already, why can't it show it.
  • Experience is of primary importance in giving us knowledge of the world.
  • Idea that very few things can be proven.

Solipism

  • States that we can only be sure of the existence of ourselves. Everything else is a projection of our minds.

Bibliography

  • "Rationalism - Innate Ideas & A Priori." Rationalism - Innate Ideas & A Priori. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://www.philosophyonline.co.uk/oldsite/tok/rationalism6
  • "Theory of Knowledge." Theory of Knowledge Empiricism Comments. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://www.theoryofknowledge.info/sources-of-knowledge/empiricism/>.
  • Markie, Peter. "Rationalism vs. Empiricism." Stanford University. Stanford University, 19 Aug. 2004. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rationalism-empiricism/>.
  • "Empiricism versus Rationalism." Empiricism versus Rationalism. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. <http://www.mesacc.edu/~davpy35701/text/empm-v-ratm.html>.

Rationalism

  • Rationalism is the theory that the exercise of reason, rather than experience provides the primary basis for knowledge.
  • Theory in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but deductive.
  • Rationalism is Apriori which is using logic and reason to come up with a conclusion before experience.

Introduction

  • Rationalism and empiricism are the two main ideas of Epistemology which is the branch of philosophy that studies the limits of knowledge.
  • There are three defining questions of epistemology:
  • What is the nature of propositional knowledge?
  • How can we gain knowledge?
  • What are the limits of our knowledge?
  • The difference between rationalism and empiricism has to do with the second question, how can we gain knowledge.

Rationalism and Empiricism

By: Maria Jose Miranda, Javier Ignacio Robalino & Nicolas Cardenas

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