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Pg. 3 – “There is nothing…more ancient in my memory, than the observation that arts, sciences, and empire had always travelled westward.” (John Adams)
Pg. 7 – The Citizens of America, placed in the most enviable condition, as the sole Lords and Proprietors of a vast Tract of Continent, comprehending all the various soils and climates of the World, and abounding with all the necessaries and conveniences of life, are now by the late satisfactory pacification, acknowledged to be possessed of absolute freedom and Independence; They are, from this period, to be considered as Actors on a most conspicuous Theatre, which seems to be peculiarly designed by Providence.” (George Washington)
Pg. 8 – “The lawgivers of antiquity…legislated for single cities, who can legislate for 20 or 30 states, each of which is greater than Greece or Rome at those times?” (James Madison)
Hamilton has expressed of Mr. Burr.” (Dr. Charles Cooper)
Pg. 22 – “the bastard brat of a Scotch pedlar.” (John Adams about Hamilton)
Pg. 23 – “no ill-will to Col. Burr, distinct from political opopsition, which, as I trust, has proceeded from pure and upright motives. (Alexander Hamilton)
Pg. 24 – “Should I set the hair-trigger.” (Pendleton to Hamilton)
Pg. 25 – “This is a mortal wound, Doctor.” (Alexander Hamilton)
Pg. 26 – “Pendleton knows I did not mean to fire at Colonel Burr the first time.” (Alexander Hamilton)
Pg. 32 – “I could detail to you a still more despicable opinion which General
Pg. 42 – “As to Burr there is nothing in his favour. His private character is not defended by his most partial friends. He is bankrupt beyond redemption except by the plunder of his country. His public principles have no other spring or aim that his own aggrandizement…If he can he will certainly disturb our institutions to secure himself permanent power and with it wealth. He is truly the Catiline of America.” (Alexander Hamilton)
Pg. 48 – “He could be of no use and determined to resign (Hamilton fiscal plan)
Pg. 51 – “It was unjust and was acquiesced in merely from a fear of disunion while our government was still in it’s infant state” (Thomas Jefferson)
Pg. 62 – “cloathed with powers competent to calling for the resources of the community.” (Hamilton)
Pg. 64 – “But you remember the saying with regard to Cesar’s wife. I think the spirit of it applicable to every man concerned in the administration of the finances of a country.” (Hamilton)
Pg. 94 – “An understanding on the two subjects of navigation and slavery had taken place between those parts of the union.” (James Madison)
john Adams had a great vision of a vast empire.
George Washington was a strong political leader and was a very concerned about the freedom of the people.
All the Founding
Fathers of the American Revolution (Adams,Washington,Jefferson) were committed to the freedom of the United States.
1. “I wish we had a large stock of [gun] powder that we might annoy the enemy wherever they make their appearance….but for want thereof we are obliged to remain idle spectators, for we cannot get at them and they are determined not to come at us.” Pg 20
2. “His council assembled, Washington made the case for an all-out amphibious assault on Boston, by sending troops across the Back Bay in flat-bottomed boats big enough to carry fifty men each.” Pg 53 “In restraining Washington, the council had proven its value. For the ‘present at least,’ discretion was truly the better part of valor.” Pg 54
3. “Never was a cause more important or glorious than that which you are engaged in; not only your wives, your children, and distant posterity, but humanity at large, the world of mankind, are interested in it; for if tyranny should prevail in this great country, we may expect liberty will expire throughout the world.” Pg 63
4. “General Lee, considered an expert on defense, had concluded that without command of the sea New York could not be held. Still, as he had said, it could be an ‘advantageous’ battlefield. If the British were determined to take the city they could be made to pay a heavy toll.” Pg 126
5. “But while Gage had kept Bunker Hill heavily armed with cannon and manned by five hundred troops, he had done nothing about Dorchester. Nor had General Howe since taking charge after Gage’s departure for home in October. Nor, indeed, had the Americans. Dorchester Heights remained a kind of high. Windblown no-man’s-land, neither side unmindful of its strategic importance, but neither side daring to seize and fortify it.” Pg 70-71
1. (News of Saratoga heard from France) pg. 199
From the time the news of the surrender at Saratoga first reached Paris, in December 1777, Franklin found himself the center of attention not just from the Court of his most Christian Majesty Louis XVI, but from the British as well. Lord Morris, the prime minister, had delivered a conciliatory speech to Parliament; George III even recommended opening a channel of communication with “that insidious fool” Franklin, with the result that a host of British agents began beating a path to Paris to ascertain what peace terms the Americans might consider.
2. (Adams outraged by commission with France) pg.275
Apparently it was not until he reached Paris, not until his initial meeting with Jay, that Adams learned for the first time of the commission’s instruction from congress to abide by the guidance of the French Foreign Ministry. Adams was outraged. America was not fighting a war for independence to be told what to do by the French.
3. (signing of Treaty of Paris) pg. 285
In fixing his name to the document, Adams, as he often did, put a little dash or period after name, as if to say “ John Adams, period.”
The all-important first sentence of Article 1 declared, “His Britainnic Majesty acknowledges the said United states…to be free, sovereign and independent states.”
“Done at Paris,” read the final line, “this third day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty three.”
The mighty Revolution had ended. The new nation was born.
The battles of the revolution ultimately brought
about the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
4. (Adams meeting the King) pg. 335
“I felt more than I did or could express,” he later wrote. Before him, in the flesh, was the “tyrant” who, in the language of the Declaration of Independence, had plundered American seas and burned American towns, the monarch “unfit to be the ruler of a free people,” while to the King, he himself, Adams knew, could only be a despised traitor fit for the hangman’s noose.
5. (Problems with Treaty of Paris) pg. 350
Of the multiple issues in connection between Britiain and the new United States of America, and that John Adams had to address as minister, nearly all were holdovers from the Treaty of Paris, agreements made but not resolved, concerning debts, the treatment of Loyalists, compensation for slaves and property confiscated by the British, and the continued presence of British troops in America.
6. (Shay’s Rebellion) pg. 368
Shay’s Rebellion, as it would come to be known, after one of its leaders, Daniel Shays, a former captain in the Continental Army, was in protest of rising taxes and court action against indebted farmers who, in many cases, were losing their land in the midst of hard times. The insurgents had prevented the sitting of the state supreme court at Springfield. But thus far there had been no violence.
7. (Problems within the country) pg. 396
But wages were still low everywhere, and money was scarce. There was no standard American coinage or currency. British, Spanish, French, and German coins were all still in use, along with the coins of the different states, their value varying appreciably from one state to another. In New England, for example, six shillings made a dollar, while in New York eight shillings made a dollar. In the entire country there were only three banks.
8. (Washington’s inauguration) pg. 402-403
on the day of his inauguration, Thursday, April 30, Washington rode to Federal Hall in a canary-yellow carriage pulled by six white horses and followed by a long column of New York militia in full dress. The air was sharp, the sun shone brightly, and with all work stopped in the city, the crowds along his route were the largest ever seen.
6. “The reflection upon my situation and that of this army produces many an uneasy hour when all around me are wrapped in sleep. Few people know the predicament we are in.” Pg 79
7. “Knox had been gone for two months and he had fulfilled all expectations, despite rough forest roads, freezing lakes, blizzards, thaws, mountain wilderness, and repeated mishaps that would have broken lesser spirits several times over.” Pg 82
8. “It had been the first great battle of the Revolution, and by far the largest battle ever fought in North America until then. Counting both armies and the Royal Navy, more than 40,000 men had taken part. The field of battle ranged over six miles, and the fighting lasted just over six hours. And for the Continental Army, now the army of the United States of America, in this first great test under fire, it had been a crushing defeat.” Pg 179
9. “Warning of the attack reached Fort Lee in advance, possibly from a local farmer, possibly from a British deserter-accounts differ. Washington rushed to the scene from Hackensack and shouted orders to abandon the fort at once. Everything was to be left behind, guns, stores, hundreds of tents, even breakfast cooking on the fire.” Pg 246
10. “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.” Pg 251
11. “The general, with the utmost sincerity and affection, thanks the officers and soldiers for their spirited and gallant behavior at Trenton yesterday. It is with inexpressible pleasure that he can declare that he did not see a single instance of bad behavior in either officers or privates.” Pg 282
12. “It all happened in forty-five minutes or less. Twenty-one Hessians had been killed, 90 wounded. The prisoners taken numbered approximately 900. Another 500 managed to escape, most of them by the bridge over Assunpink Creek.” Pg 281 (referring to the Battle of Trenton)
13. “But when morning came, the Americans were gone. Leaving a small force to keep the fires burning and make the appropriate noises of an army settling for the night, Washington and some 5,500 men, horses, and cannon had stolen away in the dark. But instead of heading south to Bordentown as would be expected, he struck off on a wide, daring sweep on little-known back roads to attack Cornwallis’s rear guard at Princeton.” Pg 288
By: Alex Broner