APUSH By Theme: America in the World

Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, and the Cold War

Periods 8/9

• The Marshall Plan (1948) and Truman Doctrine (1947) were basically sources of military and economic aid to European and Middle Eastern countries to curb the spread of communism.
• The U.S., in the post World War 2 period, aimed to contain the USSR and its communist doctrine, as communism directly threatened U.S. democracy. Such containment efforts are further shown in U.S. intervention in Korea and Vietnam.
• America became very interventionist to try to keep the World form turning communist.

Period 7

Spanish-American War

9/11 Terrorist Attacks

Periods 1/2

• On September 1, 2001, the United States was attacked by plane hijackers who ran into the Twin Towers, Pentagon, and were on their way to the White House. By seizing thousands of lives, the 9/11 terror attacks defined our foreign policy in the 2000's.
• The 9/11 terror attacks turned our attention to curbing further terrorist threats in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as catalyzing efforts in our airports and government surveillance to promote national security.

• Began with the Cuban revolt from the Spanish in 1895
• A battleship the Maine mysteriously exploded, Spanish declared internal explosion, caused rise of war fever in U.S.
• In April 1898 McKinley sent America into war, for the freedom of Cuba.
• George Dewey took out Spain's fleet in Manilla, which led to America working with Filipino insurgents to remove Spain from the Philippines.
• In 1898 the war ended with Spain ceding many territories, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
• This Brought the argument of Isolationist or expansionist policy to America.
• The Spanish-American war can be seen as the first time America is seen as a world power.
• After years of being isolationist America decided to join in on World Affairs.

The Columbian Exchange

World War II

World War I

• When WW1 initially broke out, Wilson declared neutrality in 1914. However, continuous use of unrestricted submarine warfare on vessels housing Americans as well as the leak of the Zimmerman note, proved to push Wilson to declare war on Germany in 1917.
• As the United States mobilized for war, the country provided more resources than actual men to fight in Europe.
• Wilson played a key role in postwar negotiations, hoping for success in his Fourteen Points. Most prevalent of these points was the League of Nations (as it would later be called).

• Began with the German invasion of Poland.
• The world divided into Allies and the Axis powers.
• For the beginning of the war America declared "neutrality". American exports of war supplies was very Britain weighted.
• Though America didn't partake in much of the fighting, it was the main source of supplies for the Allies.
• WWII led to the creation of the U.N., which the U.S. joined unlike the League of Nations.
• America became one of the leading world powers due to the great state of American economy after the war.

• The Columbian Exchange was the exchange of food, products, diseases and peoples between Africa, Europe and the New World.
• This new contact with the world had numerous impacts on North American society, particularly on Native Americans who were nearly wiped out by European diseases.
• This exchange between the New world and Old world begins our theme of America in the World.

What is America in the World?

APUSH By Theme: America in the World

According to the Thematic Learning Objectives, "This theme focuses on the interactions between nations that affected North American history in the colonial period, and on the influence of the United States on world affairs."

Period 6

Period 3

Chinese Exclusion act

• The Chinese immigrants were poor, uneducated, males, who took low pay jobs. Usually when jobs ended many immigrants went back to china with the money earned.
• They faced massive discrimination and only held menial jobs.
• In San Francisco a group of Irish immigrants known as the Kearneyites openly attacked many Chinese immigrants, due to competition over jobs. Chinese were thought to be the cause of such low wages.
• In 1882 congress stopped Chinese immigration with the Chinese exclusion act.
• This act was the first act in American history to completely ban the immigration of an ethnic group.
• This caused a change in foreign policy in that it seemed to openly encourage racism.
• The the relation between China and America grew, it also changed the way America saw immigration and the ability to restrict it later on in 1924.

The Declaration of Independence (1776)

• In this documented crafted by Thomas Jefferson, the colonies declared their independence from Great Britain, citing numerous abuses from the British king as reasons for their independence.
• The Declaration of Independence lists reasons of American motivations in splitting from the British, but also has a number of social and political effects. Ideas in the Declaration of Independence like "all men are created equal" would impact society and the political sphere for ages to come.

Embargo of 1807

Ostend Manifesto

• Britain and France began fighting again, and they continually impressed American sailors. Jefferson saw that an embargo might be the only way to solve this issue.
• In order to try to strong arm the opposing nations with the raw materials from America, that Britain and France relied on, Jefferson cut off exports with the Embargo of 1807.
• The Embargo hurt American economy more than it effected either of Britain’s or France’s.
• This affected Jefferson's standing in the public eyes as many felt the effects of the Embargo in America. The Federalist party grew in support.
• This soon led to the 1809 Non-Intercourse Act to help the American economy.
• This Embargo was one of Americas attempt to try and show themselves as a world power but failed.

• Southerners craved Cuba as a prime slave territory to balance power in Congress.
• Polk, as an expansionist President, offered $100 million to Spain for the territory, but they refused any monetary offer.
• The Ostend Manifesto was a secret message from U.S. diplomats in Belgium saying that they would be okay with seizing Cuba by force if they couldn't buy it.
• This effort made northerners extremely angry, as it seemed the South would go to any means to extend slavery.

War of 1812

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Period 5

• America, under Madison and the Republicans, went to War with Britain after many years of pressure of oversea trade and the American “War Hawks” desire to prove their power.
• In the beginning America was highly divided over the support and the opposition of the war.
• America lost a lot to Britain due to lack of training and unity. America largely attacked Canada. Due to weak military there, America failed in their assault.
• The British army invaded Washington and burned most of the capital down
• When Britain tried to attack New Orleans and were greatly defeated, nationalism increased in America.
• The Treaty of Ghent in 1814, stated both sides stopped fighting and restored lost territories.
• This war showed America they could keep Britain from winning. This war, though not won by America, moved to greatly increase nationalism in America

• In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte got the Louisiana Territory from the king of Spain. Jefferson, scared of a war with Napoleon, sent James Monroe to France to buy as New Orleans and as much land as possible for $10 million. Monroe was offered all of Louisiana for $15 million.
• The purchase of Louisiana raised Constitutional questions about the power of the president, doubled the size of America, and catalyzed an extensive exploration of the area.

Period 4