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Transcrição

Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom

Daily life in Ancient Egypt

Middle Kingdom

  • lasted from 2055 B.C. to 1650 B.C
  • eventually collapsed
  • They expanded by caonquering nubia and sending armies to Palistine and Syria but didn't stay, Pharohs sent traders to Kush, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Crete
  • Pharoh was portraed as a shepherd of his people and expected to bild publlic works and provide for theire wellfare

Social classes

  • Upper Class-

merchants, artisans,scribes,and tax collectors

  • Middle Class-

homes were in the city, they were comfortable but not elegant , majority "worked the land"

  • Lower Class-

peasants, farmed, paid taxes in form of crops to pharaoh, nobles, lived in small villages and provided military service and forced labor

Trade and Transportation

  • exported linen, grain, gold, silver, and copper
  • special ships for the Mediterranean was used for foreign trade
  • Transportation within Egypt was strictly water

Work

  • Artists and sculptors were expected to follow particular formulas in style
  • made advances in mathematics
  • Mathematics helped in being able to build

Education

  • every father was a master of a craft and was expected to teach the craft to his son
  • It was important for schools to teach reading and writing

Law/Government

  • Normal successor of the throne was the son of the king and his chief queen
  • Egypt was governed by kings who had the support of a very well-organized administration
  • Kings most powerful official is the vizier
  • Law depended entirely on the king

Religion

  • Religion provided the egyptians with a sense of security and timelessness
  • polytheistic
  • positive towards daily life on earth

Family Life

  • girls married at 12, and boys married at 14
  • marriage to one person was the "normal" but if a husbands first wife was childless then he could have multiple wives
  • Husband was master in the house
  • Wife was in charge of household, education, and children
  • Parents arranged marriages for their children
  • Main purpose of marriage was to produce children
  • Parent had close and affectionate relationships with sons and daughters but only sons could carry out the family name.
  • Manages sometimes ended in divorce

New Kindom

  • Hyksos were a group of people from western Asia that caused Middle Egypt to come to an end in 1650 B.C
  • Hyksos used bronze to make farming tools and wepons
  • They mastered military skills especially horse-drawn war chariots
  • Massive wealth resulted in power of the New Kindgom Pharohs
  • Hatshepsut was one of the first women to becom pharoh
  • Akhenaten intorduced the worship of Aten( go of the sun disk and sole god)
  • The "Sea Peoples" drove the Egyptians back withing their old frontiers and ended the egyptian empire

Old Kingdon

  • lasted from around 2700 B.C to 2200 B.C
  • Subjects believed that they were helping to maintain a stable world order by obeying their Pharaoh.
  • Had absolute power- unlimited power to rule their people
  • They had a bureaucracy and the vizier was a main official
  • Pyramids were built as part of a larger complex of buildings dedicated to the dead
  • Egyptians believed that human beings had two bodes-the spiritual body was called Ka
  • Practiced mummification
  • The Great Spinx - egyptians believed it was an important guardian of sacred sites

Important Vocabulary

Sources

Ancient Egypt

By:Morgan Kraft and Katie Froemke

`

  • Monogamy - the practice or state of being married to one person at a time
  • Ka - spiritual entity, an aspect of the individual, believed to live within the body during life and to survive it after death
  • Dynasty - a series of members of a family who are distinguished for their success
  • Pharaoh - a title of an ancient Egyptian king
  • Mastabas - an ancient Egyptian tomb made of mud brick, rectangle in plan with sloping sides and a flat roof
  • Vizier- steward of the whole land
  • Mummification- preserve the physical body after death
  • Bureaucracy- an administrative organization with officials and regular procedures
  • Groliers
  • textbook
  • worldatlas.com
  • freeworldmaps.net
  • library.thinkquest.org
  • www.penn.museum
  • history4kids.info
  • resources.woodland-junior.kent.sch.uk
  • http://www.lightomega.org/Ind/Message-of-the-Sphinx.html

Pharaohs

Importance of the Nile River

  • title of Egyptian monarch;means "great house" or "palace"
  • had absolute power- complete, unlimited power to rule their people
  • head in law and administration
  • commander of army
  • Egyptian's asked pharaoh's to speak to gods for them
  • Egyptian's believed pharaoh's spirit lived for an eternity
  • had help in ruling
  • at first pharaoh's family helped
  • bureaucracy helped pharaoh
  • vizier directly responsible to pharaoh
  • Egypt divided into 42 provinces; run by governors appointed by pharaoh
  • Pharaoh's married wives who were chosen for them
  • wives could be from a royal family or a commoner
  • large pyramid was built for pharaohs burial
  • smaller pyramids built for family
  • wore ceremonial clothes
  • world's largest river
  • river floods yearly and creates fertile soil for growing crops
  • leaves deposit of mud that creates an area of rich soil
  • around the Nile River is the Nile Valley that produces a surplus of food
  • fastest way to travel
  • traveled by ships
  • made transportation and communication easier
  • irrigation
  • Reeds, called papyrus grew along side Nile River
  • made paper and boats from reeds
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