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French Society in the 19th Century
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Transcript
French Society in the 19th Century
Interesting Facts
Middle Class
Sources
Social Classes
- The fist estate (upper class) had a social class inside itself
- During the 18th and 19th Century, France only had 9 cities.
- Most cities had a maximum of 50,000 people but Paris was by far the largest with 650,000 people.
- Women faced greater difficulties than men.
- Crewbow, Yvonne, "France: Peasants", Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions, 25 oct. 2004, https://www.ohio.edu/chastain/ip/peaf.htm. Accessed 7 Oct 2017.
- Ehrlich, Blake, and John Anthony Charles Ardagh. “Education.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 24 Apr. 2017, www.britannica.com/place/Paris/Education#toc14547. Accessed 6 Oct 2017.
- Holt, Richard. “Social History and Bourgeois Culture in Nineteenth-Century France. A Review Article.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 27, no. 4, 1985, pp. 713–726. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/178599. Accessed 6 Oct 2017.
- J. Llewellyn and S. Thompson, “The First Estate”, Alpha History, http://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/first-estate/. Accessed 6 Oct 2017.
- J. Llewellyn and S. Thompson, “The Third Estate”, Alpha History, http://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/third-estate/. Accessed 7 Oct 2017.
- McPhee, Peter. “The First and Second Estates: Clergy and Nobility.” Coursera, 2017, www.coursera.org/learn/french-revolution/lecture/BqZMh/1-3-the-first-second-estates-clergy-and-nobility. Accessed 8 Oct 2017.
- Ryan, Alan. “Bourgeoisie.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 29 Jan. 2016, www.britannica.com/topic/bourgeoisie. Accessed 6 Oct 2017.
- The middle class is often referred to as the bourgeoisie class
- Industrialization began in the 1810s which led to the rise of the middle class
- The French middle class was considered a liberal based group of people
- Women played a key role in French society
First estate: people in the church (archbishop, monks, nun, etc)
Second estate: people who were wealthy or had a steady income
Third estate: people who were peasants, beggars, shopkeepers and artisans
Lower Class
Upper Class
Thank You!!
- The Third Estate made up of 98% of France's population
- Most were rural peasants that had to pay large amounts of taxes
- Some were skilled or unskilled urban craftsmen
- Had poor pay, living conditions, and lack of nutrition
- Unequally taxed
- Agriculture was a big contributor to France's economy
- Made up of anyone who had a religious position
- Only about 1% of population
- Belief in God was significant which gave the Church power
- Didn't have to pay taxes but received them
- Owned 10% of all land
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