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March 22 2016

CGC1D1-04

1910 Rogers Pass Avalanche

http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/events/1910avalanche.htm

By: Kaitlyn Thomson

http://www.revelstokecurrent.com/2010/03/03/the-rogers-pass-avalanche-of-1910-changed-lives-and-history/

Sources/Works Cited

"Avalanche - Final." Prezi.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"Avalanche in Rogers Pass." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"Canadian Government." Ms. Della Pia's Class. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"CPR Steam Locomotives." CPR Steam Locomotives. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"Données Des Stations Pour Le Calcul Des Normales Climatiques Au Canada De 1981 à 2010." Environnement Canada. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"Rogers Pass – Grizzly Shoulder." Sharon and Lee Just Another Day. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"The Rogers Pass Avalanche of 1910 Changed Lives and History." Revelstoke Current RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"Rogers Pass, British Columbia." Profile. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"Selkirk Mountains." Selkirk Mountains. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"Slabs." Slabs. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

"What To Put In Your Grab Bag For Emergencies - BayanMall Blog." BayanMall Blog. N.p., 10 Jan. 2016. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.

A Quick Video to Show how This Avalanche Happened (A Look-Alike Almost in The Same Area of Rogers Pass, British Columbia)

Though, this video is to a much smaller scale, as the one that happened in 1910 was the worst Canada has ever had.

How Can we Prevent This From Happening Again?

This disaster was not the first to happen along the pass; in all over 200 people had been killed by avalanches there since the line was opened 26 years previous to this tragedy. The CPR finally accepted defeat after this, and in 1913 began creating a five mile long Connaught Tunnel through Mount Macdonald, which at the time was Canada's longest tunnel, so it bypassed the hazard of Rogers Pass. It was opened on December 13, 1916, and the railway then abandoned the pass entirely, making it not be able to happen again.

Why Would you Need These Specific Items? (Part 3 Continued)

The End

Thank you!

The reason for having all of the

items on the previous slide in your emergency kit are these:

The reason that you will be needing important documents/paperwork, or wills/money in bills and coins, is because again, avalanche time periods are unpredictable, and so you don't know when stores and banks and facilities like those will be reopened. Also, in case of damage to your personal property/deaths of any family members, you have insurance and wills to cover it (also just to save them from being ruined as well).

You obviously need the necessities, like food and water for undeniable needs for survival. But, you may wonder why some other things are in there, like batteries, a radion, etc. You need batteries because they are a source of electricity, because a lot of the time, the power gets cut during avalanches. A radio is also important, because it can keep you up to date with what is going on outside, as again, a lot of the time, many houses get snowed in during avalanches. You will need meduactions/prescriptions/a first aid kit as well in your kit, becasue when avalcnhes hit, you don't know how long you are going to be stuck, and it is possible that you could get hurt/need medication, and of course you will need your prescriptions.

An example of an emergency kit bag

Now What? How can Disaster Management

Applied to This Type of Disaster? (Part 3)

http://www.bayanmall.org/blog/what-to-put-in-your-grab-bag

The last part of the disaster management plan is to make a kit. The reason for this is that when a tragedy is to happen, you have the nessecities, so you can live under whatever conditions the disaster produces.

In this case, people around the area of Rogers Pass should have had a kit filled with the following:

  • Water
  • Canned food & can opener
  • Possibly dog bowls, food, or toys, etc.
  • Possibly baby bottles/formula
  • A radio, and lot's of spare batteries
  • A first aid kit
  • Any medications you believe that you will need
  • Wills
  • Money in bills/coins
  • Insurance/any licenses
  • Any important paperwork
  • Warm clothing
  • Blankets
  • Possibly sleeping bags, etc.

Now What? How can Disaster Management

Applied to This Type of Disaster? (Part 2)

The Family Emergency Plan connects to avalanches because:

Get a plan is the next step:

A good plan for when an avalanche occurs or is going to occur is to make a Family Emergency Plan. This is a good idea for all families because they help to get everyone together if they aren't already, and they help families stay organized so that you can make the best out of not so good scenarios.

  • When avalanches happen, they usually happen very quickly, and depending on the location of your home, it can snow you in very quickly, and so since these plans get famillies together as best they can, they really relieve stress, from an already stressful situation. Also, you always want to be organized when avalanches occur because they can cause lots of damage, and again, they do cause a lot of damage a lot of the time, so they can really help in the situation of an avalanche.

Now What? How can Disaster Management applied to this type of disaster?

Disaster Management can be applied to this type of a disaster in many different ways:

First off, like before any emergency/disaster, you should follow these three steps: know the risks, get a plan, and make a kit...

  • Risks of an Avalanche:
  • Roads and railway tracks may be rerouted to reduce risks.
  • Safe avalanches may be triggered in dangerous snow packs.
  • Avalanches can travel up to 90 km/h.
  • After one hour, only one in three victims buried in an avalanche is found alive. The most common causes of death are suffocation, wounds and hypothermia.

Why & How Did This Happen? The Facts Part 1...

This event happened because of many different factors:

An image to show how powerful

an avalanche can be, also how dangerous

  • (Rogers Pass) The Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia are a very snowy area in the winter months, and so this was a large factor of the avalanche, as there were many that took place that year due to this location.

http://www.members.shaw.ca/karenanddavid/Selkirks.htm

Selkirk Mountain Range

https://prezi.com/nbgwdjkn05ar/avalanche-final/

  • Rogers Pass is in the Western Cordillera. The Western Cordillera covers an extensive area of mountain ranges, and plateaus in western North America, including much of the territory west of the Great Plains, and this took place in the mountain ranges.

Yellow-Western Cordillera

http://dellapiagrade5.weebly.com/canadian-government.html

Where is Rogers Pass?

Rogers Pass is a high mountain pass through the Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia used by the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Trans-Canada Highway.

Rogers Pass on a Regional Map

Rogers Pass on a Map of Canada (Country Map)

http://yourrailwaypictures.com/CPRsteamengines/

So What? Discuss Political, Economic, Social/Cultural, & Environmental Ways of Looking at it...

http://www.leelau.net/sharonandlee/rogers-pass-grizzly-shoulder/

http://ca.epodunk.com/profiles/british-columbia/rogers-pass/2006009.html

The CPR

(Canadian Pacific Railroad

Socially/Culturally speaking, this avalanche impacted B.C because in total they lost over 200 people because of the line, and the avalanches.

This natural disaster (avalanche) impacted British Columbia a lot, because this avalanche still to this day is the worst one ever.

Politically, this impacted B.C because the disaster was not the first to happen at the pass; in total over 200 people had been killed by avalanches there since the line was opened 26 years previous. The CPR finally accepted defeat and in 1913 they began making the five mile long Connaught Tunnel through Mount Macdonald, so bypassing the hazard of Rogers Pass. It was opened on December 13, 1916, and the railway abandoned the pass.

The avalanche location on a small regional map

Economically/Environmentally this avalanche impacted B.C because it cost a lot of money to build a whole new tunnel to avoid Rogers Pass, and also, it was good for the environment to leave the pass alone so it won't hurt anyone else, or ruin the mountains region, so it was a good choice for the environment.

Why and How did This Happen? The Facts put Together...

What? Part 1...

Why & How Did This Happen? The Facts Part 2...

  • Rogers Pass is in western British Columbia, and it's climate/precipitation is:

This avalanche happened because of it's geologic location, it's landform, and it's climate. This is because, as you saw in the previous slides, Rogers Pass is a very snowy place to be in the winter months, and it is in the Western Cordillera, so it is in the mountains (high altitude/large slopes). So, mountain regions are more prone to avalanches due to their elevation, and how much snow can be held on their peaks. Also, avalanches are typically triggered in a starting zone from a mechanical failure in the snowpack (slab avalanche) when the forces on the snow exceed it's strength, and that is what happened in this case. That is why/how the avalanche happened.

What? Part 2...

http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/webproj/212_spring_2014/Isaac_Lammers/Isaac_lammers/Slabs.html

http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/avalanche/

The winter of 1909 to 1910 provided conditions that

contributed to the avalanche. That year, many slides

had been experienced during the winter months, and on

March 1st, 96 people had been killed further south in the

Wellington avalanche in Washington State, which caused an

outburst of worry for residents in the area. Three days later,

on the evening of March 4, work crews were dispatched to

clear a big slide which had fallen from Cheops Mountain,

which buried the tracks just south of Shed 17. The crew

consisted of 63 men, and a train. Time was critical as

the westbound CPR Train Number 97 was just

entering the Rocky Mountains heading

for Vancouver.

A slab avalanche is when snow cracks because the forces on the snow exceed it's strength

A look at the wreck of the train after the avalanche

http://www.climat.meteo.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_f.html?stnID=1363&lang=f&StationName=Rogers+Pass&SearchType=Contains&stnNameSubmit=go&dCode=1&dispBack=1

Half an hour before midnight as the track was nearly clear, an unexpected avalanche swept down the opposite side of the track to the first fall. This caused around 400 metres of track to be buried. The 91-ton train and it's plow were hurled 15 metres to land upside down. The wooden cars behind were crushed and all but one of the workmen were instantly buried in the deep snow. The only survivor was Billy Lachance, who was the fireman of the train. The only reason he survived was because he had been knocked over by the wind alongside the fall but otherwise remained uninjured. This is Canada's worst avalanche disaster.

  • So, by looking at the climate, you can see that they have a lot of precipitation in the below 0 degree months, so that means lot's of snow, which fuel avalanches.

Men cleaning up after the

avalanche happend

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