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Date of Birth: September 23, 1819
Birth Place: Paris, France
Date of Death: September 18, 1896
Profession: Physicist
He was one of the first people to take a detailed picture of the sun.
It was when he was studying astronomy with Francois Arago did he learn about the attempts to calculate the speed of light
Became a member of the Académie des Sciences
Born 23 September 1819 in Paris to Louis and Beatrice Fizeau.
Calculated value speed of light to a be 313,300 kilometers per second. Publishes the first results obtained by his experiment for determining the speed of light in 1849
Died on 18, September 1896 in Venteuil of north-France
Appointed superintendent of physics at the École Polytechnique, Paris.
Became interested in Daguerrotype photography, then teamed up with French scientist Jean-Bernard-Leon Foucault.
Fizeau described the use of the capacitor as a means to increase the efficiency of the induction coil.
Becomes a member of Bureau des Longitudes
The two men take the first detailed photograph of the sun
Armand Fizeau's had two daughters and one son. His wife died at a young age, soon after her death he moved to his home near Jouarre. From that point forward he rarely went to Paris for meetings at Academy of Science, which he was a member of, or the Bureau des Longitudes which was another science institution.
Armand Fizeau had a long line of relatives who were in the medical field. However, Armand was never interested in pursing a career in the medical field. Fizeau was the son of a physicist and professor of medicine, who left Fizeau a considerable fortune when he died. Without having to worry about making a living, he was able to pursue in whatever career he wanted. He wanted to be a physicist, but in the end he chose to study astronomy.
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Speed of light in its simplest form is defined as the distance light travels within seconds. This is significant in physics as knowing the speed of light lets us understand and predict the behavior of the universe. Such as electromagnetic wave propagation.
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Fizeau calculated the speed of light to be 313, 300, 000m/s. This was only 5% off from the actual value of 299, 792 458m/s. The result varied slightly as Fizeau could not visually estimate the minimum intensity of the light being blocked by the teeth of a cogwheel. However, this experiment contributed significantly to the Foucault's representation of measuring the light, ultimately getting the correct measurement of the speed.
Then Foucault improved on Fizeau’s experiment by replacing the cog wheel with a rotating mirror. This is known as the Fizeau-Foucault Apparatus.
After his work with Foucault, Fizeau became interested with trying to measure the speed of light. He did this with a cog wheel, a light source, a mirror and a semi-reflective mirror. We will get into the procedure in a moment.
Fizeau later became interested in daguerreotype photography. He teamed up with another French scientist, Jean Bernard Leon Foucault, and they attempted to bring this process to astronomy. Ten years later the two men were the first people on the planet to take a detailed photograph of the sun.
This is a picture taken on a highly polished silver-plated sheet of copper that is then sensitized with iodine vapors. The picture is exposed in a large box camera, developed with mercury fumes and fixed with salt water.