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dual relationships

alternatives

ethics in practice

1.)Fran could refer Millicent to a like-minded professional.This could potentially negate the year long relationship Millicent and Fran have developed. However, it would allow Millicent and Wally to pursue their relationship.

2.) After telling Millicent that Wally is her son, Fran could then see what Millicent would feel most comfortable doing. By allowing Millicent to choose, nothing (her relationship with Wally or her relationship with her social worker) is being taken away from her without her consent.

3.) Fran could adhere to virtue ethics, and determine what her personal values are, how they impact the client-social worker dynamic, and whether they can continue therapy. Is it a boundary crossing or violation? There is a potential for exploitation, but nothing definitive has happened yet.

4.) Fran should consider allowing Millicent and Wally a month to continue their relationship, while not disclosing her knowledge. This gives Fran time to process, consider alternatives and consult colleagues.

food for thought

decision

absolutists vs. relativists

(Dewane, 2010)

Social work is a profession in which dual relationships are common because of the nature of the work and clients’ vulnerability. It is our responsibility to protect clients and demonstrate appropriate standards of care and boundaries. Handle each situation with the utmost professionalism. Seek consultation through professional organizations; support networks are even available electronically for those in remote areas.

references

  • Dolgoff, R., Harrington, D., & Lowenberg, F. M. (2012). Ethical decisions for social work practice. California: Brooks/Cole.
  • Dewane, C. J. (2010). Respecting boundaries — the don’ts of dual relationships. Social Work Today,10(1), 18. Retrievedfromhttp://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/012610p18.shtml
  • deontological (categorical imperative) ethics
  • utilitarian (situational, or “the ends justify the means”) ethics

2.) After telling Millicent that Wally is her son, Fran could then see what Millicent would feel most comfortable doing. By allowing Millicent to choose, nothing (her relationship with Wally or her relationship with her social worker) is being taken away from her without her consent.

ethical principles screen

assessment criteria

additional factors that influence decision

principle 3: A social worker should make practice decisions that foster a person's self-determination, autonomy, and freedom, her right to and ability to make her own decisions.

• How will this secondary relationship change the power differential or take advantage of a power differential in the therapeutic relationship?

• How long will this relationship last? Is it a one-time occurrence or expected to last indefinitely?

• How will ending one relationship affect the other relationship?

• How much will objectivity be impaired?

• What is the risk of exploitation?

(Dewane, 2010)

  • Professional and personal values and ethics
  • Can I minimize conflict personally, socially, professionally?
  • Alternative ethical options
  • Alternative that will minimize conflict?
  • Which alternative action will be most efficient, effective and ethical? Result in least harm?
  • Short term and long term consequences
  • Is ending the relationship impartial, generalizable, and justifiable?

ethical principles screen

protection of life

social justice

self determination, autonomy,

and freedom

least harm

quality of life

privacy and confidentiality

truthfulness and full disclosure

present ethical probems

  • dual relationships
  • conflicts of interest
  • potentially competing values between Wally and Millicent
  • boundary crossing vs. boundary violation (Dewane, 2010)

nasw code of ethics

  • Boundary crossings have been defined as bending the code, whereas boundary violations are breaking the code

theories

values

humanistic ethics

  • Focuses on cause rather than moralistic explanations of human behavior. This approach emphasizes the client’s ability to make choices that make sense to them.

personal

virtue ethics

  • Is based on the idea that there are not rules for correct action. People do what is right for them in each situation. Those who make good decisions do so because they have good morals.
  • personal values are one’s own ideas, beliefs, and even judgments
  • Fran values Wally's well-being and happiness
  • Fran recognizes the importance of friendship and community

ethics of caring

strength based

  • Is based on looking at the client’s strengths and finding ways to apply those strengths to areas that need work.
  • Primacy of client's interest and well-being

Fran's knowledge of Wally and Millicent's relationship can impact client-therapist relationship and client's interests

  • Conflict of interest

Avoid situations between worker's personal interest and his or her professional responsibility

  • Privacy and confidentiality

Do not share information provided by the client

  • Termination of service

Do not terminate for own personal gains

  • Referral for services

Ensure process is a smooth transition for client

  • Emphasizes compassion and affection
  • Central focus is the compelling moral responsibility of attending to and meeting the needs of the particular other for whom the social worker takes responsibility

professional

  • Social justice
  • Dignity and worth of a person
  • Importance of human relationships
  • Integrity

the "other"

cultural position

  • Millicent is a teenage girl, attending high school and socially isolated
  • Wally is a teenage boy, attending high school and socially isolated

values

  • One can infer that both Wally and Millicent value human interaction and relationships
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