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Pamela Fishman and Janet Holmes
4
Transcript
59 percent of tags used by women were affective whilst 61 percent of tags by men were modal.
Pamela Fishman and
Janet Holmes
Tag questions and
minimal responses
- Conducted an experiment analysing 52
hours of recorded data from young couples conversation.
- All the women were white and between
the ages of 25 and 35.
- Fishman concentrated on observing two
characteristics common in woman's
dialect such as tag questions like
'you know'
Fishman found that women frequently
used tag questions like 'you know?'
or 'couldn't we?' following a thought
or suggestion.
This is an effective way for women to initiate and maintain conversations with males
Fishman argues that women use these
questions to gain conversational
power instead of the 'accepted' notion
that women lack conversational awareness.
She claims that questioning is required for females when speaking with males as men tend not to respond to declarative statements.
- Fishman also analyses the use of the phrase "you know" used by women. "You know" is actually a monitoring device employed to
determine whether the conversational partner is listening.
- Fishman realised that when these phrases are accompanied by a pause, the woman is inviting the male to respond.
- When little or no response was heard from the male, the pause is internalized by the speaker and she will continue the conversation.
janet holmes
Tag questions can be either
Modal or Affective
Pamela Fishman
Fishman found that women used tag questions four
times as much than men.
Experiment and
findings
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