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ENVIRONMENTAL CUES AS

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

SPATIAL COMMUNICATION

  • Refers to your perception and use of space
  • Using in professional and social contexts involves balancing personal and interpersonal needs with efficiency
  • How we use space and observe and respect spatial needs of others
  • It can result in a source of conflict or it can promote positive relationships

Space and Distance

Intimate Distance

  • Up to 18 inches from your body
  • Quiet or confidential comment to someone, private conversation, working closely with a friend, or giving someone a hug
  • Personal communication

Personal Distance

  • 18 inches to 4 feet
  • This are is your own space in which you can move freely. You usually allow friends, family members, and some coworkers in this area
  • If someone gets too close, you might feel as if he or she is "invading your space"

Social Distance

  • 4 to 12 feet from the body
  • Allows communicators to see and hear each other while avoiding highly personal interactions
  • Most appropriate for interpersonal and small group interactions in professional and social contexts
  • Often used for making and acknowledging interpersonal introductions, business conversations, and informal presentations

Public Distance

  • 12 to 25+ feet from body
  • Most often used for formal presentations
  • Presenters might use podium or stage to achieve better personal interaction with a larger audience

VIOLATING DISTANCE NORMS

  • Using distance inappropriately can create embarrassment, discomfort, and conflict
  • Invading a stranger's personal or intimate space may make him or her uncomfortable, defensive, or afraid
  • Fit your use of space to the context of the situation

Territory

What's Territory?

  • Sometimes people identify a space or territory and claim it, protecting it as their own
  • Workers often personalize cubicles or office spaces with specific arrangements or decorations
  • Indicates "this space is mine"

Violating Territory Norms

  • It is important to respect others' privacy and personal territory
  • Hostilities can develop among coworkers over territory violations

Sending Nonverbal Messages

  • How you use and maintain your territory or workspace sends a variety of messages about you
  • I'm organized
  • I'm disorganized
  • I take pride in my space
  • I don't like it here
  • You're welcome in my space

OTHER TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLUES

Artifacts and Objects

  • Artifacts are articles of adornment you use to decorate yourself or your surroundings (jewelry or accessories)
  • Objects are all the materials that you keep in your space or take with you to classes, meetings, presentations, or other events (backpacks, notebooks, briefcase, date book)
  • Objects and artifacts should be kept in good repair in social and professional contexts
  • Classic, clean, and conservative

Color

  • Colors send nonverbal messages
  • Advertisers, fashion designers, and decorators use color for different purposes to attract attention or set an atmosphere

Fragrance and Odor

  • Sense of smell is believed to provide the most direct link to the emotion center of the brain
  • Can evoke memories, feelings, and permanent impressions; very influential in sending powerful nonverbal messages
  • Aroma therapy is used now to help promote products (apple pie baked in home for real estate)
  • Businesses and meeting places focus to deodorize premises to avoid inappropriate or unpleasant responses
  • Fragrance should be light, conservative, and sparingly used in professional and social contexts
  • Cleanliness and personal hygiene can prevent unpleasant odors

Cool Colors

Warm Colors

  • A calming effect
  • Formal mood, often used for formal professional attire
  • Black, grey, brown, blue, green
  • A warm feeling
  • Sometimes used to evoke feelings of home, other times for energy
  • Red, orange, gold, yellow

TIME MANAGEMENT

ARRANGING “SLICES” OF TIME

SENDING MESSAGES WITH TIME

How you use your time reflects your priorities and sends messages about your effectiveness as a student, an employee, and a communicator

Think of time as an object that stays in one place, and you can arrange its parts however you want

TIME COMMUNICATION

Breaking down time into different parts designated for various activities

It’s important to make note of special time commitments such as meetings, appointments, and deadlines

Knowing how to divide your time is important, and be able to say “no” to some commitments when busy

How you manage time is a form of nonverbal communication

Late friend, employer

How you use time sends strong messages about you, your perceptions of others, your relationships with them, and your attitude about responsibilities

Learning to manage time is vital to building a professional and image and succeeding in professional and social contexts

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