Sagittal Plane
This plane cuts through the body vertically.
It splits the body into it's left and right sides.
The movement patterns linked with the sagittal plane are:
- Flexion
- Extension
- Dorsi-Flexion
- Plantar-Flexion
It's the easiest to see the movement from the side!
A LEVEL PE
There are 3 planes that run through the body.
On your 3 blank people, draw a line on each one to show where you think a plane runs through.
Think about the different movements that are possible at each joint and movements that aren't possible - this may help you.
Sporting Examples
The joints linked with flexion and extension are:
- Shoulder
- Hip
- Knee
- Elbow
- Wrist
- Ankle
Starter Activity.
With the people on your table, discuss the following points:
> List all of the joints in the human body. E.G. Shoulder.
> How many different types of movement are available at a joint?
E.G. Flexion.
Bicep Curls
Lunges
Squats
Leg Curls
Course Overview
3 exam papers:
- Physiological factors affecting performance
90 marks
2 hour written paper
30% of total A Level
- Psychological factors affecting performance
60 marks
1 hour written paper
20% of total A Level
- Socio-cultural issues in physical activity and sport
60 marks
1 hour written paper
20% of total A Level
1 practical exam:
Performance in physical education
60 marks
30% of total A Level
Transverse Plane
Frontal Plane
This plane cuts through the body vertically.
It splits the body into front and back.
The movement patterns linked with the frontal plane are:
The joints linked to adduction and abduction are:
This plane runs through the body horizontally.
It separates the body into top and bottom.
The movements linked to the transverse plane are:
- Horizontal Extension
- Horizontal Flexion
- Rotation
The joints linked to the transverse plane are:
Sporting Examples
Task:
Key Terms:
Planes of movement: the description of three dimensional movements at a joint.
Movement patterns: a description of the actions taking place at a joint e.g. flexion at the elbow joint.
Flexion: movement which decreases the joint angle.
Extension: movement which increases the joint angle.
Dorsi-flexion: movement at the ankle joint as the toes move up.
Plantar-flexion: movement at the ankle joint as the toes point down.
Abduction: movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.
Adduction: movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body.
Horizontal extension: movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body but parallel to the ground.
Horizontal flexion: movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body but parallel to the ground.
Rotation: movement where bones turn about their longitudinal axis in a screwdriver action.
Complete the table.
You need to identify the plane of motion that is being used.
You also need to describe the movement patterns to show you understand what the joints do during that particular sporting movement.
Discus Throw
Open/Close the gate
It's easiest to see the movement from the top and twisting movements too!
Tennis topspin
It's the easiest to see the movement from the front!
Sporting Examples
Star Jumps
Shoulder Press