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Sagittal Plane

This plane cuts through the body vertically.

It splits the body into it's left and right sides.

The movement patterns linked with the sagittal plane are:

  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Dorsi-Flexion
  • Plantar-Flexion

It's the easiest to see the movement from the side!

A LEVEL PE

There are 3 planes that run through the body.

On your 3 blank people, draw a line on each one to show where you think a plane runs through.

Think about the different movements that are possible at each joint and movements that aren't possible - this may help you.

Sporting Examples

The joints linked with flexion and extension are:

  • Shoulder
  • Hip
  • Knee
  • Elbow
  • Wrist
  • Ankle

Starter Activity.

With the people on your table, discuss the following points:

> List all of the joints in the human body. E.G. Shoulder.

> How many different types of movement are available at a joint?

E.G. Flexion.

Bicep Curls

Lunges

Squats

Leg Curls

Course Overview

3 exam papers:

  • Physiological factors affecting performance

90 marks

2 hour written paper

30% of total A Level

  • Psychological factors affecting performance

60 marks

1 hour written paper

20% of total A Level

  • Socio-cultural issues in physical activity and sport

60 marks

1 hour written paper

20% of total A Level

1 practical exam:

Performance in physical education

60 marks

30% of total A Level

Transverse Plane

Frontal Plane

This plane cuts through the body vertically.

It splits the body into front and back.

The movement patterns linked with the frontal plane are:

  • Adduction
  • Abduction

The joints linked to adduction and abduction are:

  • Shoulder
  • Hip
  • Wrist

This plane runs through the body horizontally.

It separates the body into top and bottom.

The movements linked to the transverse plane are:

  • Horizontal Extension
  • Horizontal Flexion
  • Rotation

The joints linked to the transverse plane are:

  • Shoulder
  • Hip

Sporting Examples

Task:

Key Terms:

Planes of movement: the description of three dimensional movements at a joint.

Movement patterns: a description of the actions taking place at a joint e.g. flexion at the elbow joint.

Flexion: movement which decreases the joint angle.

Extension: movement which increases the joint angle.

Dorsi-flexion: movement at the ankle joint as the toes move up.

Plantar-flexion: movement at the ankle joint as the toes point down.

Abduction: movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.

Adduction: movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body.

Horizontal extension: movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body but parallel to the ground.

Horizontal flexion: movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body but parallel to the ground.

Rotation: movement where bones turn about their longitudinal axis in a screwdriver action.

Complete the table.

You need to identify the plane of motion that is being used.

You also need to describe the movement patterns to show you understand what the joints do during that particular sporting movement.

Discus Throw

Open/Close the gate

It's easiest to see the movement from the top and twisting movements too!

Tennis topspin

It's the easiest to see the movement from the front!

Sporting Examples

Star Jumps

Shoulder Press

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