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See the conflict here?

  • Kings at the top
  • Knights below
  • Vassals of kings rented land out to, or plots of land called fiefs, to
  • Peasants far below all others.

We know that William and Henry don't have money to fund the tower and the Pope expects us to find money for his church. We also know that there were a lot of trade routes in this time period in Afroeurasia. If only there were an empire close by that had resources we need to fund these projects that we could trade with...

Pope Urban II Church

The Tower of London

PBL: Action Plan

How we plan to solve conflicts during the Middle Ages and make it back to the present!

by Nicole, James, Kyra, Dylan, Lexie, and Renee

How Islam Affected Europe: Negative

How Islam Affected Europe: Positive

3rd Hour

The Islamic peoples wanted to spread their religion around the world. But so did the Christians. The Pope at the time of the crusades, Pope Urban II, wanted to limit or completely destroy Islamic power and increase Christian power, so he called for a crusade. A soldiers tour of duty could be 10 years or more, because it took so long to get there and back.

Islam was everywhere in Europe. They helped to advance medicine, science, mathematics, astronomy, and physics . It also helped to push forward the minting of money. Their ideas were used in medicine, in fact, the surgical section of an Arab medical text book was translated into Latin in 1100 CE, and remained in print until 1770 CE. Their letter-symbols and architecture were used in European art and Arab instruments were used in the development of European instruments like the violin and the guitar. Ornate Islamic carpets and cloth sheets were very valuable in Europe. Islam also affected Europe's literature and european philosophy.

His Highness, Robert, King of Normandy

THE ISSUE

The Issue (Pope)

Robert was the eldest son of William the Conqueror. He was disliked by his brothers and his father. In 1077 Robert suggested to his father that he should get England when the king dies. William refused , so Robert rebelled and attempted to seize Rouen, France. His rebellion failed and he fled. So, after William died, he expected to gain control of England, but it was actually rewarded to his younger brother William II. Robert was so upset so that year he decided to lead a rebellion against his brother William, hoping to kill him so he could gain control of England. Again, His rebellion failed, and he looked very foolish in front of his brother who had defeated all of Roberts rebels. An example of Roberts foolishness was that he wasted all of his inheritance. He begged his youngest brother Henry for for some money, but Henry refused. So, Robert decided that he would sell Normandy to Henry , for 3,000 euros. In 1096 Robert entered the first crusade where he was captures by Henry and held prisoner until he died years later, in prison

Robert, the eldest son of William the conqueror, and the most hated son in the whole family

We have been sent back to 1095 AD and witnessed a speech by Pope Urban II.

  • He was trying to spark the Crusades by getting people on the side of the Catholic Church.

Problems arising in England

(William II)

More About the Crusades

The Power of the Church

The Fear of Hell

The Pope has sent us to England to build a cathedral exactly where William the Conqueror's Tower of London is. Now William II wants us to finish the Tower with a mural of his father's accomplishments.

The Social and Economic Structure

The Funding Issue

  • The pope was concerned because the Islamic faith was going on in Jerusalem
  • Threat to Europe and Catholicism
  • Crusades were very dangerous and like a war

The church held enormous power in this time period. The church held land and wealth and sometimes had more land than kings. Roman Catholicism was the first official religion of the Middle Ages. People in Europe converted to Christianity by 1000 AE. The church taught that avoiding hell meant doing good deeds.

  • In a lot of ways, people were more scared of being damned to eternal hell than of the government
  • This relates back to the issue of the pope's threat to pass an interdict
  • The church controlled so much of peoples lives, whether they even knew it or not.
  • Religion was a huge part of lives in that time and drove so many decisions.
  • England needs us to be frugal when building the tower because they don't have enough money
  • It's a problem because where can we get the funding from?
  • The social and economic structure of this time in England revolved around feudalism.
  • Feudalism basically meant that kings would rent land to vassals, or their most loyal subjects.
  • Knights were also a part of this system. Knights were very important.
  • Peasants were far below this. Peasants were not treated well by the government.

Building a Church?

Bibliography

The Pope wants us to build a church with a mural about Islam's threat in England to establish control and get England on the side of the Catholics.

  • If we fail? He'll pass an interdict on us and probably all of England.

Feudalism

Trade

"Google Images." Google Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. <http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en>.

Events in England

Locations." Europe/Middle East/Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. <http://oem.sherwin-williams.com/mx/eng/locations/europe-middle-east-africa/>

William, II (c. 1058-1100)." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 2 Nov. 2012.

London." , Great Britain. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. <http://historic-cities.huji.ac.il/british_isles/london/london.html>

Wikipedia.org. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Schism_1054_with_former_borders.png>

Remember...

Population was growing in Afroeurasia and with population came the possibility of trade with other areas. Trading can be incredibly helpful because certain areas have a lot of gold and other things that we could use for funding...but where? The best place in Afroeurasia to trade, for the English at least, is within Ghana and Mali, places with plentiful gold and salt.

Ciolek, T. Matthew. 2000. Georeferenced data set (Series 1 - Routes): Indian and Persian trade routes with the West 50 BCE-300 CE. OWTRAD Dromographic Digital Data Archives (ODDDA). Old World Trade Routes (OWTRAD) Project. Canberra: www.ciolek.com - Asia Pacific Research Online.

www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcIRa0100.html

At the time, William II, the ruler of England, and his scholar brother, Henry, were trying to fight their eldest brother, Robert, who resided in Normandy. Robert was trying to fight for England. England was running low on gold and salt and needed funding immediately. The peasants feared for their eternal souls, and eternal damnation, for William could hardly afford to help the Pope in his crusades, and he could issue an interdict on William. This would then issue an interdict on all of England, as he is at the top of the Feudalistic food chain, and they are his followers.

Religion's importance was so great that it was a massive driving force behind the Crusades.

Thank You Graphics." Thank You Pictures for Facebook, for Facebook. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. <http://www.wishafriend.com/graphics/expressions/thankyou/>.

"Thank-you Glitter Graphics - for Myspace Friendster Hi5 Comments, Glitters & Graphics." Thank-you Glitter Graphics - for Myspace Friendster Hi5 Comments, Glitters & Graphics. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. <http://www.glittergraphics.org/graphics/thank-you

Cup of Crazy!" Cup of Crazy! N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. <http://josephaxuereb.wordpress.com/2012/02/27/thank-you/>.

"Http://www.fightblindness.org/site/TR/VISIONWALK/VisionWalktr?pg=entry&fr_id=4734." N.p., n.d. Web

"Go Social Studies Go! | Europe-in-the-dark-ages." Go Social Studies Go! Common Core State Standards Initiative, n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2012. <http://www.gosocialstudiesgo.com/europe-in-the-dark-ages>.

Simkin, John. "Spartacus Educational." Spartacus Educational. N.p., 1997. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/NORcurthose.htm>.

Inderdict

East-West Schism." Wikipedia.org. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism>

We will receive gold and salt for our trades considering it will help with our funds

An interdict essentially means to be banned from the Catholic church. If the Pope passed an interdict, this is a massive problem, for the primary reason that he would not only be banning US from the church, he would also be banning all of England from the church. This is a major problem because people in England would turn against their own country if they were afraid of being "damned to hell".

The Peasant's Problem

The peasants were treated immensely poorly by the government and this affected the decisions they wanted to make. Having the church instead of the tower could potentially sway their loyalty.

Intentions

The Crusades

(Specifically the First)

The East-West Schism (As my sources call it)

The reason the pope wants a cathedral placed in England is that he wants to unite Europe against the Turks by using Christianity. He wants troops for the crusade against the Turks, and he knows that the best people to get in bulk are the peasants.

And there is another problem...

At the same time period we've been transported to, there is an event occurring called the East-West Schism. It was something that had been slowly developing for several decades. It was a split of the Chalcedonian Christianity into Eastern (Primarily Greeks) and Western (Primarily Latin) branches of the church that later came to be known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. The conflict had been there for an extremely long time, as the East and West disagreed on what types of people should hold power, who owned what land, policies on celibacy, and even linguistic differences. The conflict really reached a definitive point when both regions excommunicated (set on the path for Hell, like an interdict, but worse) powerful figures. The Latins excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople, Cerularius, after he started suppressing the Western region's domain. Cerularius in turn excommunicated Cardinal Humbert, his Eastern equivalent. So, basically, there were two sides of the church with different views on Christianity, and they were fighting both each other as well as foreign invaders. Now that you've been given a LENGTHY background, the relevant information. Pope Urban II is with the Western Catholic church, and King Henry II suggests we take him from behind, if necessary, with the Eastern Church on our side. That could keep him out of our hair and we could finish the Tower of London on schedule.

The First Crusade was primarily a response to the Byzantine empire begging for help against the Seljuq Turks. Pope Urban II attempted to amass all of Europe in this cause, keeping Christianity the primary religion in Europe, and taking the sacred city of Jerusalem. Our involvement in this has to do with the "amassing" part. Urban wants soldiers for the Crusade, and because England can't spare a single soul, the citizens are scared for their souls.

The Pope wants us to build the church in the same location as the Tower of London...

...how can we help the Pope compromise to make sure the location won't be a problem?

How can we get the funding?

Why does this church matter so much?

T

Where the Tower of London Is

Where the Pope wants the cathedral.

THE SOLUTION

The solution has several aspects that, when pulled together, act as a compromise and will keep William, Henry, and the Pope happy.

Funding

Robert and Support for the Crusades

Building the Church and the Tower

Art in the Architecture

The Peasants/Control of England

A main issue with the actual construction of the church and the tower, other than the obvious issue of location, is how it is going to get built. Where is the manpower going to come from? This issue is, ultimately, just as big of an issue as the actual funding.

We know that the Pope wants a mosaic about the rise of Islam and how it's a threat to Europe in his church and William the Conqueror's sons want a mural about William's accomplishments in the Tower of London.

The main issue with Robert is that he is, of course, a threat to William and Henry's control and the reason they cannot send any troops to help the Pope. The Pope wants William and Henry's troops to fight in the Crusades. If William and Henry are fighting with Robert, that means Robert has wealth and troops... William and Henry were very against Roberts decisions and they both wanted to get rid of him...but how? Well...we ship him off to the crusades!

The peasants play a huge role in society in England. William and Henry are concerned with the fact that if they do not align with the Pope somehow, they will lose the support of the peasants due to an interdict. They don't want the peasants to stop supporting them, as they are the main population. The church is nicer to them than the government is, and William and Henry are concerned about this.

Africa

The Murals

The Danger of Crusades

All Men Left Behind

Alliance?

  • Crusades are bloody and violent
  • Essentially, sending someone to the Crusades effectively means sending them to a certain death

If William and Henry want Robert, effectively, dead...

As shown in our previous section on trade, Africa had a massive selection of gold. We know that they would be willing to trade with us and we would be able to get gold and salt to construct our two architectural structures.

As you might recall from our Robert plan, if Robert fights in the Crusades, both William and Henry's subjects are there to build the church or the finish the Tower. We know that the peasants have a fear of the church in at least a small way. We could probably work that to our advantage...

We have researched enough about both William and Islam's conflicts to know enough to create these works of art. We will use resources we have to build both of these things.

If the Pope became allies with England, there would be no need for the peasants to fear eternal damnation. We can solve this (as seen in our Robert solution).

The Solution: Funding

The Solution:

Troops for the Crusades

The Solution: Compromise and Support

The Solution: Alliance

If we send Robert and his army to fight in the Crusades for the Pope, this ultimately solves the issue of Robert because sending someone to the Crusades basically means sending them to certain death. Then William and Henry can still build the church, and soften up Urban II for a compromise.

The only way to solve this problem in a manner that keeps peace between the rather delicate social system in place is to ensure that the Pope allies with England. We can do that if he agrees to compromise with us...

We know that the easiest place in Africa to trade with for the English is within Ghana and Mali, and they have gold and salt we can acquire. We want to use these resources to fund our projects and this will solve the financial issue that both William and Henry and the Pope were concerned about.

The English fear Hell and eternal damnation, so they wish to get on the Church's good side. With Robert sending troops to the Crusade and pleasing the Pope, we can convince him to move the church to a more applicable location. This will allow for the Mosaic, Mural and the Pope's Church and give William the support of the people.

The Bargain

Since we are sending Robert's troops for the Pope, we think we can convince him to move his church. This way, both the Tower and the church could coexist peacefully, in the same way that the Pope's followers and England will be coexisting peacefully.

Thanks for watching our solution! Hope you feel more educated! :P

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