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The OSI Model (By: Luigi Díaz)

LD

Luigi Díaz

Transcript

TCP/IP Model

  • Similar to OSI-Model, but simplified into 4 layers
  • Data
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Network access

Real-life example

Reasons why...

  • Devices only need to be aware of their own layers.
  • It allows interoperability between vendors.

Why use layers?

What is that?

OSI-Model

  • Stands for Open Systems Interconnection.
  • Was developed by the ISO (International Organization for Standardization.
  • Released in 1984.
  • Compatible with most vendors.

Encapsulation

  • Process of adding data on the sending host to create a PDU
  • Occurs when data move down the OSI stack
  • Each layer adds its formatting in front or behind the data
  • The data moves down to the next layer.

Layer 1 - Physical Layer

Encapsulation and Decapsulation

Layer 5 - Session Layer

  • Has to do with the physical hardware of devices.
  • Responsible of transmitting bits.
  • The PDU at this Layer is the bit
  • Responsible of establishing, managing and terminating a session between 2 hosts.
  • Keeps different applications data separate.
  • The PDU at this layer is the data.

Layers

LLC Sublayer

Layer 6 - Presentation Layer

  • Stands for Logical Link Control
  • Does error correction and flow control

Layer 2 - Data Link Layer

  • Makes sure the information is 'readable' for both hosts.
  • ASCII-Code, and other codes like EBCDIC will be converted by this Layer.
  • The PDU at this Layer is call data.
  • Going from the upper layers to the lower layers is called encapsulation.
  • The exact opposite is the decapsulation.
  • Responsible for formatting frames between 2 adjacent LANs or WANs
  • MAC Addresses are to be found here.
  • The PDU at this Layer is the frame.

MAC Sublayer

  • Stands for Media Access Control.
  • Every device have a MAC Address.
  • It takes care of channel access.
  • The CSMA/CD protocol runs here.

Layer 7 - Application Layer

Layer 3 - Network Layer

  • Provides network services like HTTP, Telnet, FTP, HTTPS and so on.
  • Each application has an specific port number assigned.
  • The PDU at this Layer is called data.

Decapsulation

  • Takes care of connectivity and path selection.
  • IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses are to be found here.
  • The PDU that runs at this Layer is the packet
  • Process of removing data formatting to expose a PDU
  • Each layer removes its own header/trailer
  • Data is then passed to the layer above.

Layer 4 - Transport Layer

  • Breaks up data between sender and receiver into smaller parts.
  • Can ensure reliable delivery.
  • The TCP and UDP Protocols live here.
  • The PDU that runs at this layer is the segment

The OSI Model (By: Luigi Díaz)

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