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The Mouth:

  • Teeth cut and grind food into smaller particles.
  • Food is mixed with saliva.
  • Saliva contains the enzyme salivary amylase which changes starch into smaller chains.

Oesophagus:

This tube joins the mouth to the stomach. The food is pushed along this tube into the stomach by a muscular movement called peristalsis

The Liver: The gall bladder in the liver produces bile, which helps to break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

The stomach is a muscular bag. It physically churns food into a smooth liquid called chyme. The enzyme pepsin changes protein into peptide chains. Acid in the stomach helps pepsin to work. Chyme goes out of the stomach and into the small intestine

The pancreas produces enzymes

The large intestine is attached to the small intestine. Vitamin K and Vitamin B are made here. Once all nutrients are absorbed by the villi in the small intestine, the waste, called faeces is pushed along by peristalsis. Muscles at the end of the large intestine (rectum) push faeces out of the body through the anus. Fibre helps move faeces along.

The small intestine is a long tube (6m long) that joins the stomach to the large intestine. Bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice are added to food in the small intestine. Enzymes in the small intestine cause:

proteins and peptide chains to change to amino acids

Sugars are changed to glucose

Fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Digested food is absorbed into the blood

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