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3. There are genuine conceptual changes, not only innovative but even contradictory, and without any correspondence to earlier ideas

The "Central Ideas"

Metanarrative

1. Basic unity and identity in development, with later changes being new deductions, applications and explanations of introductory ideas

Example:

- Paul moves from a belief in resurrection at the Parousia (1 Thess 4, 1 Cor 15) to a belief in the resurrection at death (2 Cor 5)

  • theory that tries to give a totalizing, comprehensive interpretation to various historical events, experiences, and social, cultural singularities

Example:

  • Paul describes the “hearing”, but not “seeing” the vision of Jesus’ description several times in very distinct ways: “For Paul in one account claims that his companions did not see anyone but heard (Gk. amour root verb) the voice (Acts 9:7 - see Greek Tab), but in the other account, it is directly contrary: they saw the light but did not hear the voice. (Acts 22:9 ekousin, from akouo.)

1. Systematic Theology

  • arguments made by Longenecker

2. Justification by Faith

  • Kasemann through Paul's conception

3. Social Rhetorical Dimension

  • Examples of specific problems addressed with

4. Apocalyptic Narrative

  • apcalyptic eschatology

2. There is gradual development with genuine improvement, but always growing out of what is characteristic in the original “message”

  • main or central narrative interpreted from the compilation of Paul's letters

"Systematic" Theologian

- there has been great argument on the inconsistent structure of Paul's teachings

Examples:

- 1 Thessalonians 4-5 derived from Paul's primitive apocalyptic period

- 1 Cor 15 and 2 Cor 5 from Hellenistic Judaism

- prison letters from Hellenistic church

Why?

  • to better understand Paul's theology
  • relate the different topics of Paul's letters to what he intended to be the main idea or argument addressed

“Put Paul was not an academic systematic theologian; instead he was more of an expert missionary and a devout pastor who, in fulfilling his commission, exercises a keen vision that was fed by deep theological resources.”

- Longnecker

Heike Rosanne, has also inferred that there seems to be “inconsitency issues that lies at the heart of Paul’s theological articulations”, and with that also raises the question of our expectations of Paul really were, and why were his ideas so inconsistent. . .

Social Rhetorical Theologian

*letters were meant to be written and exposed at the appropriate time during a specific event

Apocalyptic Narrative

Conclusion

Thomas R. Schreiner Paul’s center of understanding Paul serves as “Pastoral works in which Paul applied his theology to specific problems in the churches"

-Paul wrote Galatians because the Galatian churches were being abandoning Paul’s gospel

-He wrote Colossians to slave off a new hersey that had the potential of making inroads in the church

"Paul uses traditional apocalyptic motifs but interprets his work throug existential eschatalogy"

- Frank C. Porter

* the decisive action of God is future, cosmic, and corporate:

"Paul describes this suffering of the natural world in the context of great eschatological hope both for believers and the natural world: The suffering of creation is like birth pangs leading to a glorious new world. The redemption that Christ brings will have cosmic consequences: At the second coming of Christ when the people of God are glorified (v. 19), the natural order will be restored to its proper operation, so that it may fulfill the purpose for which it was created."

Paul's Letters

Justification by Faith or Lordship

(E. Kasemann)

- Kasemann uses Paul's conception of salvation:

"the gift of righteousness includes the Giver himself. One possesses the all-embracing gift of righteousness by remaining under Christ's Lordship"

- Paul showed that of and by ourselves we are as good as dead

Biblical Text

- particular interpretation in the sense that there are certain ways one reads different literary articles

- Paul is concentrating on points which have been misunderstood and mistakes which need to be put right. He discusses factionalism in the church, sexual immorality, idolatry, prophecy, love, Lordship of Christ, resurrection, grace, justification, faith, etc.

- "Paul’s theology was no more static than Paul himself, and in reading his letters we are reading theology in the making. If we try to make them into a systematic structure, we may well distort his teaching; Paul is essentially a practical theologian.” Hooker, p.10

- “Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,” (Romans 5:1)

- Paul asserts that no one is justified by their works or law keeping. (Romans 3:20)

- Paul states, “that if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved.” (Romans 10:9)

*The Apocalyptic Narrative presents a consistency in Paul's theology

- There is a continuous and rhetoric understanding the letters of Paul as it leaves more entirety throughout his long lasting writing.

- Paul E. Koptak, states that in Galataians 2.1 that “he needed to lay out his gospel before the apostles for evaluation in order to forestall some problem, which he believed might cause his work to be in vain, or without lasting effect.”

*Paul’s thinking is to follow his jounrey as a story, and gradually take apart what he is saying as we build a focus on the ultimate purpose of his works guided by God

Things to Consider

- the New Testament was written from within the context of Judaism. We tend to think in terms of Jews and Christians which would be foreign to Paul

- We know so little about the opposition he was addressing and the alternative interpretations of the gospel being put forth that he sought to correct. What he has to say was often shaped by those he was addressing

Are the morals of his narratives connected?

* Is there a "center" of Paul's thought that can be explained?

What is a meta-narrative and how do we reconstruct it? Why Apocalyptic?

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