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Lambda Cold Dark Matter Theory (LCDM)

Possible uses of this theory in the classroom

Where did the LCDM theory come from?

  • Grades 9-12 Physical Science: Topics:
  • History of the Universe (Big Bang and universe expansion)
  • Galaxy Formation
  • Current Events project
  • Show students Bolshoi simulation and how it proves LCDM theory correct
  • Have a discussion about it

Where do you see the LCDM theory used?

How did I find my research?

  • The theory has become the standard model of Big Bang cosmology
  • It is being used primarily by modern cosmologists to try and explain what dark matter and dark energy consist of
  • You can't see the direct impact of LCDM on your everyday life but if it is true, it is how our galaxy first formed
  • Discovery of cosmic microwave background in 1965 confirmed a key prediction in Big Bang cosmology
  • During 1970's, pure-baryonic models were assumed but had problems explaining formation of galaxies
  • In early 1980's, found that cold dark matter could explain galaxy formation
  • Assumes general relativity is the correct theory of gravity

My Trip to NASA

At the Visitor's Complex

The Endeavour Launch

Methods of Inquiry

  • Observed aerospace engineers
  • Did some work with dark matter and dark energy
  • Found the creators
  • Reached out to Dr. Primack (Co-author of LCDM)
  • Used his resources to obtain information

Heard of LCDM Theory

What is the LCDM Theory?

  • While at NASA, I heard about the LCDM theory
  • I did not really take the time to understand it
  • Always had a love for astronomy and physics

Basic Definition

LCDM stands for:

  • Right after Big Bang, universe rapidly inflated in size
  • Quantum fluctuations left matter and energy unevenly distributed in universe
  • Gravity caused high-density regions to combine into halos of dark matter and ordinary atomic matter
  • These halos gave rise to galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
  • L= Lambda (greek symbol) referring to dark energy
  • Einstein's cosmological constant
  • CDM= Cold Dark Matter
  • Thus Lambda (dark energy) Cold Dark Matter Theory

References

Who Originated it?

  • Published in 1984
  • Joel R. Primack, George Blumenthal, and Sandra Moore Faber
  • Introduction to Bolshoi Simulations. (n.d). Bolshoi Cosmological Simulations. Retreived from: http://hipacc.ucsc.edu/Bolshoi/
  • Lambda-CDM Model. (2014). Wikipedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model
  • Naeye, R. (2012). Interview with Joel Primack. Sky and Telescope. Retrieved from: http://www.skyandtelescope.com/sky-and-telescope-magazine/beyond-the-printed-page/interview-with-joel-primack/
  • Perlman, D. (2011). Bolshoi Simulator Maps Galaxies' Dark Matter Halos. SF Gate. Retrieved from: http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Bolshoi-simulator-maps-galaxies-dark-matter-halos-2298611.php
  • Primack, J. (2012). The Cosmological Supercomputer. IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved from: http://spectrum.ieee.org/aerospace/astrophysics/the-cosmological-supercomputer

How has the theory changed over the years?

  • It has not changed much and is accepted as true thus far
  • It is a relatively new theory
  • There are some arguments against it such as the fact that there is no way to detect dark matter (Or is there now?)

Bolshoi Simulation

  • Most accurate cosmological simulation of the large-scale structure of the universe yet made
  • Created on 7th fastest supercomputer in the world at NASA Ames Research Center by Joel Primack and his colleagues.
  • First run in 2009, analyzed in 2010-present
  • This simulation, if true, proves LCDM theory correct

Sloan Digital Sky Survey verses Bolshoi

The Bolshoi Simulation

Who uses this theory now?

  • Modern cosmologists, astrophysicists, and workers at NASA are the primary people who directly use this theory
  • The 2011, Physics Nobel Prize winners discovered that the expansion of the universe is speeding up (this has roots in LCDM theory)
  • This theory has led to the Bolshoi experiment which is an extension of the LCDM theory and helps prove the theory true.

Most of the Universe is Missing

By: Chelsea Malak

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