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What was the acta Senatus?

What was the acta Diurna?

Newspapers

The newspaper was updated daily with things such as military issues, legal issues and civil issues.

Newspapers were originally written on stone or metal and then placed in a public are like the Roman Forum for everyone to see.

There was another newspaper called Acta Senatus, which talked about the senate in detail. Julius Caesar disapproved of this so in 59AD he took it away from public view.

This early newspaper was called Acta Diurna which in Rome meant daily acts. These articles included things such as gladiator battles, military victories, birth and death stories and other human intrest stories.

Roman Paintings

Romans painted gorgeous paintings of nature and fruit and vegetables.

What were roman paintings of and where could you find them?

What Roman city had a lot of Roman paintings and what happened to them?

Only wealthy Romans would have these gorgeous paintings. They were usually very expensive and were painted directly on the walls of their homes.

In the ancient city of Pompeii you can see were some Roman paintings were preserved on the walls of the wealthy.

Many of these paintings have been worn down and destroyed over the years.

Roman Colosseum

Describe the structure of colosseum.

The south side of the colosseum collapsed because of an earthquake.

What events were held in the colosseum?

The colosseum was in the center of Rome!!!!!!

The construction of the colosseum started in 72 CE under the rule of emperor Vespasian. The construction continued with his son Titus in 80CE.

The colosseum was a very detailed building. It consisted of all three greek columns: the doric, the ionic and corinthian.

This arena held gladiator fighting and other sports events. The colosseum could easily fit a football field. Animals also fought in the colosseum and over a million died.

The colosseum had four stories with 80 arches around each story. It could hold up to 50,000 people with separate seating for nobles. Also it was 157 feet in height and 1788 feet in perimeter.

Below the colosseum was a collection tunnels and homes for gladiators and wild animals.

What are two theories of why the Pantheon was built?

Why was the Pantheon built three times?

Pantheon

The Pantheon was built for unknown reasons. There is no indication of it being a temple to any god or goddess, but this is still a possibility. Another theory is that it may have been used for the emperor.

The Pantheon was built three different times. The first two times in was destroyed by a fire. The third time however took much longer to construct and started in 98 CE and was completed in 125CE

The Roman Alphabet

The Romans based their alphabet on the Phoenician alphabet.

Who were the first people in Italy to use the alphabet?

Most of the Pantheon was based off of Greek architecture. It had cornithian columns. In contrast to the Greeks the Roman built a huge dome structure above the Pantheon. This is an example of how advanced Roman architects were.

What letters did the Romans add to the alphabet? What letters are they known as in today's alphabet?

The Pantheon is one of the best held together structures from ancient histoery. Today it is used for the tomb of Rapheal.

The Roman empire added two new letters to their alphabet.

What did athletes do after exercise?

The Etruscans were the first people in Italy to form an alphabet.

Where were wealthy Roman baths? Why were they there?

Roman Baths

Aqueducts

They added the Zeta which is now the "x" in our alphabet and the Digamma which is now the "f" in our alphabet.

Their alphabet was used to record laws, keep documents and record religion.

Aqueducts were the most advanced water systems of their time. This architecture was so beautiful and worked so efficiently that some are still used today.

What were aqueducts made of?

In Rome bathing was a communal activity. Everyone would bathe in their community bathing pool

How did aqueducts prevent sickness?

After exercise bathers would have oil and dirt scraped off their bodies with a curved metal tool called a strigil.

Aqueducts were about 260 miles long but only about 30 miles were above ground. They carry water throughout the city where it was necessary.

Aqueducts were made from a combination of stone, brick and a volcanic cement called pozzuolana. All of these materials held together very well and are long lasting.

Wealthy people would have baths in their own home. They would have a heated separate room for bathing in privacy

Large baths in the city were called thermae and taxes were held against Roman men and women.

Aqueducts helped prevent sickness. As the empire grew it was harder for people to get clean drinking water. The aqueducts carried all the dirty sewage water out of the city.

Roman Calendar

The Roman calendar was based off of the lunar cycle.

What was the Roman calender based off of?

Explain how armies traveled.

The Romans had the superstition that even numbers were unlucky, so every month had an odd number of days.

Who changed the calendar and what did this person do to it?

Roads and Highways

How did architects design the roads?

Roman roads were the most advanced in all of ancient civilizations. They were made of stone, gravel, dirt and bricks made of granite and volcanic lava.

Julius Caesar however changed the calendar from 355 days to 365 days which we are now familiar to.

Roman architects were very precise in the design of their roads. They appeared to be arrow straight but curved to allow drainage of water.

How did the Roman arch design work?

Roman Arches

What were a group of arches called and how did they help with military transportation?

The Julian calendar (named after Julius) was almost perfect, however it miscalculated the solar year by 11 minutes.

Arches were used in most Roman structures to hold the weight of the building up. The arch applies pressure downwards and outwards creating a strong base to hold up the architecture.

The Romans built over 50,000 miles of road for military and trade. These highways allowed military groups to travel almost 25 miles per day. There were also mile markers so armies knew the progress they had made.

There were many houses along the roads and highways. This made information and trade spread rapidly. Ideas and intelligence also traveled at astonishing speeds.

The keystone of the arch hold the entire arch together. It is the very last piece placed on the arch and was wedge shaped.

The type of arches used in ancient Rome were called rounded arches. A group of arches side by side are called an arcade.

Bridges had an arcade of arches to connect not level terrain. Without the invention of arches the Roman army would not be able to travel as they did.

Ancient Roman Achievements

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