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Historical Impact

Organism's M.O.

Bacteria's "Hideouts"

  • The bacteria are transmitted from person-to-person through droplets of respiratory or throat secretions from carriers.

  • Close and prolonged contact – such as kissing, sneezing or coughing on someone, or living in close quarters (such as a dormitory, sharing eating or drinking utensils) with an infected person (a carrier) – facilitates the spread of the disease.

  • The average incubation period is 4 days, but can range between 2 and 10 days.

Brain and Spinal Meninges

Major epidemics of meningococcal disease 1971 to 1995

Only infects humans; there is no animal reservoir

Common Targets

  • Incidence rates of N. meningitidis meningitis are generally highest in children less than five years of age and in adolescents.

  • However, anyone of any age can be infected

Nasopharynx

Victims

Armed

& Dangerous?

Bacteria Wanted:

In the absence of treatment, the meningitis mortality rate can exceed 50 percent. Even with appropriate care:

  • At least 10 percent of patients die, typically within 24–48 hours of the onset of symptoms.

  • Approximately 10 to 20 percent of survivors are left with permanent aftereffects such as mental retardation, deafness, epilepsy, or other neurological disorders.

Neisseria Meningitidis

Worldwide. N. meningitidis causes disease in an estimated 500,000 people annually worldwide, with death in at least 10% or 50,000 of the affected cases.

Injury to the Victim

Most Effective Weapon/How to Defend Yourself

The most common clinical presentation is acute meningitis, which is characterized by:

  • fever and chills
  • intense headache
  • stiff neck
  • vomiting
  • drowsiness
  • signs of irritability

These symptoms can develop within several hours or may take one or two days to appear, but they should always be treated as a medical emergency.

Less commonly, patients present with meningococcal septicemia, with symptoms that include:

  • purpuric rash
  • multi-organ failure
  • rapid-onset shock

Meningococcal septicemia is fatal in most cases.

Meningococcal conjugate vaccines (Menactra, Menveo)

Serogroup B meningococcal vaccines (Bexsero and Trumenba)

CDC recommends meningococcal conjugate vaccination for:

  • All preteens and teens at 11 to 12 years old with a booster dose at 16

  • Children and adults at increased risk for meningococcal disease

CDC recommends serogroup B meningococcal vaccination for:

  • People 10 years or older at increased risk for meningococcal disease

Description

Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Neisseria meningitidis bacteria, which causes meningococcal meningitis, magnified x33000

Gram stain of N. meningitidis in CSF with associated PMNs.

N. meningitidis may occur intracellularly or extracellularly in PMN leukocytes and will appear as gram-negative, coffee-bean shaped diplococci.

  • Gram negative diplococcus (paired)
  • Size: 0.6-0.8 μm
  • Coffee-Bean shaped
  • Non-motile
  • Aerobe
  • Encapsulated

By: Shaylin Clouthier

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