Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
- All manuscripts are double-blind reviewed
- Where appropriate, health service research statisticians review papers with statistical content
- The editor makes changes to the paper after review before the document is accepted for publication
- This study shows how the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (i.e. self-efficacy education programs) can help patients abstain from drug use and effectively lower the chance of a relapse.
- Although the study population was small, a similar population of opium addicts could have a better chance of relapse prevention if their treatment consists of a similar educational program based on SCT.
Awareness and Education on addiction process, complications and treatment
- Participants divided into groups and group discussion was initiated in an effort to change attitudes
- Focused on education and development of self-regulatory skills
Four sessions
All of these skills help increase self-efficacy
2 sessions
Previous eight sessions summed up and clients guided to future referrals
- The basis of the intervention strategy
- Model is based on concepts of personal efficacy, self-regulatory process, and self-efficacy
- Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in his/her ability to achieve something/succeed
-Self -regulation is the capacity to control one's impulses
Article: The Effect of Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory Implementation on Addiction Quitting of Clients Referred to Addiction Quitting Clinics
Problem: The health issue of addiction quitting in Iran. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse, relapse occurs in about 40-60% of addicts. The article implements the SCT in regard to therapeutic methods.
- Substance abuse on the rise
- "200 million drug users across the world" - WHO
(Annual Report of 2005, according to article)
- WHO World Drug Report 2012 says 230 million people (5% of the world population) have used illicit drugs before; 27 million users in the world
(data from WHO website -- contradicts stats in article)
- “Illicit drugs undermine economic and social development and contribute to crime, instability, insecurity and the spread of HIV.”- WHO
- Iran borders Afghanistan, the world's biggest producer of opium
- The journal Impact Factor- Average number of citations received per paper published over the two previous years
- 2015 Impact Factor=
# of times all published items in '13 and 14' are cited/
total # of citable items in '13 and '14
- It appears the journal is not cited often
- Abbas Heydari – Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Ali Dashtgard – Department of Community Health Care Nursing, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Ghayen School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ghayen, Iran
- Zahra Emami Moghadam – Department of Health and Psychatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Experimental study design -
Pre-test-posttest with control group
-Demographics collected and addiction quitting self-efficacy questionnaires
-Intervention group participated in SCT-based intervention; Control group participated in conventional treatment
-Post-intervention follow-up
- Addiction-quitting self-efficacy questionnaires administered post-intervention
- Analyzed with SPSS
- Clients in the SCT-based intervention showed increased self-efficacy which translates to increased success at addiction quitting and decreased recurrence
-Short-term, but not long-term benefits of SCT-based intervention assessed
-Small sample size
-External validity/ generalizability
How were participants assigned to groups?
60 eligible clients randomly assigned to either test or control group
Small sample size: 60 people
- Randomization effectively distributed confounding variables between groups
- Test group more successful than control in addiction quitting (90% vs. 73.3%)
- Recurrence was lower in the test group (14.8% vs 40.9%) Fisher's exact test (P ≤ 0.05)
- Significant difference in self-efficacy scores before and after intervention in test group, but not in control
t-test (P ≤ 0.05)
No significant difference with respect to age, self-efficacy level before intervention, sex, marital status, educational level, type of quitting, way of using drug, addiction of family members, number of children, history of cigarette smoking, history of alcohol abuse, and profession
Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada and University of Toronto
Drug Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale (DASES) - appears to be a reliable and valid scale in measuring self-efficacy in drug users
Validity and reliability of questionnaires confirmed by
Martin and Bramson
Validity reconfirmed through face and content validity
No copy of the questionnaire provided
University of Northern Colorado
Now a psychologist?
- Social Cognitive Theory (SCT): theory that learning occurs in a social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior.
- Started in the 1960's by Albert Bandura as the Social Learning Theory
- Unique feature focusing on social influences on external and internal reinforcements (including past, present, and future experiences)