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Trade
- long-distance trade fell under supervision of central government
- administrators organized exchanges of agricultural products, textiles, pottery, jewelry, and craft goods
- did not permit individuals to become independent merchants
- produced pottery, textiles and tools for local consumption
Brief Overview
Economics
- Capital in Cusco
- Lasted from about 1300 to 1572
- used Quipo, or a system of knots to record important information
- Located on the western coast of South America, near what is now Chile
- Surplus of agricultural production and handcrafted goods
- Absence of market economy
- In theory, chief ruler owned all land, livestock, and property
- Inca god-kings supervised a class of bureaucrats, mostly aristocrats, who allocated plots of land for commoners to cultivate on behalf of the state
- Cultivators were mostly peasants
- Instead of paying taxes or tribute, peasants worked on state lands
- Peasants owed compulsory labor services
- Men provided heavy labor
- Women developed tribute in the form of textiles, pottery, and jewelry
Society
- Organized into Allyu, or clans of families, which were supervised by a chief
- lived in thatched roof houses of stone and mud with no furniture
- they used mummification to burythe dead
- first people to cultivate the potatoe
- had extensive festivals to honor the dead
Religion
- Polytheistic
- Believed that all nature was divine
- had elaborate rituals that involved sacrificing a black/ white llama
- Wiraqocha, the sun god was extremely important
- the Inti Raymi was the most important festival to honor the sun
Decline of the Incas
Daily Life
- Had intricate jewelry and clothing
- used gold and silver for aesthetic purposes
- Kids had big expectations; they were required to walk by 1,and boys became adults when they received their pelts at age 14, boys also underwent serious physical trials to receive their weapon
- the important buildings were extremely stable because they used a block fit method with no mortar
Social Clases
- Ruler- the Sapa Inca
- High priests, and the army commander
- Regional army commander
- temple priests, Architects, administrators, army gaurds
- artiscians, musicians, army captains
- sorcerors, farmers, ad herders
- the gold made the region a popular target Spanish
- Europeans brought diseases which weakened the empire
- Spanish conquered the Incas in 1572
Politics and Government
- the king of the Incas,called the Sapa Inca, was thought to be a descendant of the sun, which made him god-like
- the title was passed down through the family
- The king owned all of the land,and everything on it
- Pachachuti was the Sapa Inca that really inspired expansion and Governmental growth and structure
- The Incas had a very elaborate Bureaucrat system
- Had an extremely powerful army with strong leaders and a lot of discipline
Bureaucrat System
- The king owned all of the land,and everything on it
- The inca Empire was then divided into four quarters which were led by Apos, who were just under the king.
- Every Quarter had provinces which was led by officials that then reported to the Apos
- There were about 80 provinces that were then broken into smaller and smaller Curacas, or two leader systens until it got down to the basic level of Allyus