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The French Revolution didn't fully achieve independence: The Directory wasn't able to solve military and political problems.

-The Civil Code only established equality for all white adult men.

-Napoleon limited free speech, detained political opponents, and used propaganda to manipulate people

-Patriarchal authority

Monarchy -> Republic -> Monarchy

Both the Haitian and the French Revolution were inspired by enlightenment ideas. The French revolution was inspired by Americas'

"Life, Liberty, and pursuit of happiness." After a while, the people started to question the monarchy and if it was the best for them, "Why don't we have any rights?" "Why should an absolute monarchy rule if the citizens are suffering?".

The Haitian slaves (which formed most of the popularity), were inspired by the ideas of freedom and had high hopes that they'd be libertated from the tiring and brutal conditions. Their potential was so high that when their leader Toussaint was arrested, they fought against the French.

The Enlightenment gave the French and the Haitian people hope and inspired their revolutions.

Haitian Revolution

However, in the Haitian revolution, Toussaint Louverture made French, Spanish, and British forces against one another, meanwhile he was clever enough to gain power along the way with black and mulatto generals.

In 1801, an institution was established that granted equality and citizenship to all residents of Saint Domingue

Black generals who succeeded Toussaint after his death later defeated remaining troops and drove them out of the colony

Independence was finally declared from France in 1803.

Similarity

SPICE: French Revolution

Difference

The Haitian Revolution started in 1791 and lasted until 1804. It took place on the Caribbean Island of Hispaniola. It was caused by the brutal and unfair treatment of the colonies' slaves. After the gens de couleur fought in the American War of Independence and returned back to Saint Domingue, they had the intention of forming a new society. It was the only successful slave revolt in history.

In the Haitian Revolution, Toussanit was the leader that took matters into his own hands to seek the abolishment of slavery. Toussanit was a slave until he was a free man by 1777 yet by 1791 he had become the leader of a guerrilla army. Toussanit knew the struggles of slaves and had the connection any other could leader. He was a relentless leader, although he had form an alliance with France in 1794, in 1801 he invaded Spanish Santo Domingo and freed slaves. He did not cared about his alliance with France of the consequences that came with the betrayal.

After the French Revolution, Napolean was the leader that help stabilize France after their revolution.

  • Napolean was able to but in the Civil Code which gave political and equallity to all men, yet he had no regards towards women.
  • He has a secret police as spies and used propaganda was a way to manipulate the people. (political.social goals RCC)
  • No consideration of elective bodies but surrounded himself with people that did not question his authority.
  • When British, Austraia, Purssian, Russian armies forced him down his throne (1814) and exiled him to a Mediterranean Island, he still came back. Until Eurpeoan banished him 1815.

The French and Haitian Revolutions were similar in that their lower classes were revolting to obtain equality, and create a new government where serfs and slaves could vote.

Social: 3 estates

1. Clergy

2. Nobles

3. Serfs, peasants, everyone else (98% of the population)

Political: -The goal of the National Assembly (3rd state after succeeding Estates General), was to have political representation, had 1 vote per state.

-Civil Code granted equality for all adult men

-Fiscal problems caused raise in taxes

Interactions: -Napoleon wanted to expand and conquer new lands such as Russia , would send his relatives to rule and occupy other lands such as the Netherlands, Australia, and Persia

Culture: -The Jacobins created a cult of reason which was an alternative to Christianity, but in 1801 Napoleon made peace with the Roman Catholic

Economy: -France had fiscal problems because of war debt

The French Revolution

Thesis

The French Revolution (1789-1799) and the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) were both inspired by Enlightenment ideas, which later caused the lower classes to revolt and protest for equality. However, they differed in the leaders they had and their ambitions during the revolution, as well as that the French people didn't fully reach independence in comparison to the Haitian revolution, which granted equality and citizenship to every resident by declaring independence

The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1799. The French people wanted to get rid of the absolute monarchy and feudal system by creating a new social, political, and cultural structure. It was caused by money problems within the government and influenced by enlightenment ideas. As a consequence, King Louis XVI raised taxes on the French nobility who strongly disagreed and protested which started conflict leading to the beginning of the French revolution.

SPICE: Haitian Revolution

Social: -White men rules, top of the hierarchy

-brutal conditions for slaves

Political: -main focus was equality for everyone

-lower class wanted to be treated fairly with citizenship

Interaction: -population 40,000 white men, 30,000 free people, 500,000 black slaves

-French troops migrated and arrived in 1782 to restore order but British and Spanish forces intervened to benefit themselves

Culture: -Conflict expanded when a priest named Baukman organized a slave revolt, unfortunately he died launching the slave revolt

Economy: -in the 18th century Hispaniola was a major center of agricultural production (sugar, coffee, cotton)

-The French colony of Saint Domingue was one of the richest of all European colonies in the Caribbean

The French and Haitian Revolutions

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