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Emile Durkheim's "Suicide Study"
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TYPES OF SUICIDE
1) Egoistic suicide (lack of integration)
2) Anomic suicide (lack of regulation)
3) Altruistic suicide (excess integration)
4) Fatalistic suicide (excess regulation)
- Value consensus in a society provides unity and cooperation.
- Internalisation of values in a society maintains the social order.
- The causes of variations in suicide rates are to be found in social facts rather in individual.
- This study can be used to criticise the theories of Interactionist.
Fatalistic Suicide
Occurs when a person thinks that there's no possible way to improve his/her life.
Altruistic Suicide
- Excess regulation; society restricts the individual too much
- Suicide is the only way of escaping because the individual considers himself doomed by fate to be a slave.
Committed for the benefit of others/society
- Excess integration; extremely attached to the society
- Sense of duty to others
- E. g- Sati in India, self-immolation in Vietnam, Harakiri in Japan
Altruistic Suicide; Harakiri & Self-immolation
Anomic Suicide
- Durkheim stated that personal reasons could not account for the suicide rate.
- The suicide statistics from a number of European countries could be used to find the sociological causes of suicide rate.
- 'The suicide rate is therefore a factual order.'
A result of disillusionment and disappointment.
- Lack a sense of social regulation = people are unguided
- Absence of clear societal norms and values
- Happens when rapid social change occurs (e.g; economic depression)
Egoistic Suicide
A consequence of the deterioration of social and familial bonds.
- Excessive individualism = low integration into society
- Low value is given to human existence.
- Example: Protestant- highest suicide rate than Catholics & Jews
Emile Durkheim's "Suicide Study"
- Suicide rates were higher in predominantly Protestant countries than in Catholics.
- Married people were more prone to suicide than those who were single.
- High suicide rates were correlated with high levels of education.
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