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Is there tension in the relationship between the Natural Sciences and Human Sciences?
Conclusion
- Human longing for certainty (favour Natural Sciences)
- Influence of 'scientific' evidence on behaviour
- Mistakes may prevent new hypothetical ideas being generated
- Increase value of scientific methods in Human Sciences-
Reductionism, future for Human Sciences?
Link to Real Life Situation
Knowledge Question
"[Fallon has] made an effort to try and change his behaviour"
and has "consciouly been doing what is considered the right thing to do and thinking more about other people's feelings"
How much value should be placed on biological and chemical evidence in the Human Sciences?
Subsidary Knowledge Question
Does the knowledge of being predisposed to something increase the likelihood of that thing happening?
...Supporting RLS
Social Learning Theory-
Bandura (1961)- Bobo Doll study
- Imitation and reinforcement
In Psychology...
- Natural Sciences only help find internal causes
- Human Sciences needed to investigate external social causes
AOK Human Sciences
Holism- unlikely one area can accurately present reality
- WOK Reason-
Theories based on reason when concrete evidence is unattainable
Only reliable to certain extent (accuracy of previous knowledge)
- Complex situations
- Versetehen position-
need for Human Sciences (meaning and purpose rather than mechanical cause-effect)
AOK Natural Sciences
Reductionism- neuroscience is suggested to eventually replace psychology
- Technology- test ideas, extend observation
- More concrete evidence
- Determine cause-effect
ADHD
- Technological problems- decrease validity
WOK Perception
- Biases- expectation, confirmation
- Selectivity of evidence
AOK Natural and Human Sciences
...
Criminal behaviour
Biological theory (biological positivism)
- Observable gene for criminal behaviour inherited from parents
- Associated facial features
- Technology- Certain brain areas associated with dysfunctional behaviour
- Phrenology
Facial features
- Asymmetrical faces
- Low/sloping forheads
- Glinting/glassy eyes
- High cheekbones
- Large/portruding/handle-shaped ears
- Crooked/flat/upturned noses
- Fleshy lips
- Strong jaws
- Prominent chins
- Lots of hair
...
Lombroso (1876) argued that a 'born criminal' can be determined through the physical shape of the head and face
Real Life Situation
Professor Fallon's brain scan