Nixon's Detente

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Soviet Missile Talks

Treaties

Détente

• U.S. and Soviet negotiated reduction of manufacture of ballistic/strategic missiles
• Restrain international arms race to develop long-range nuclear missiles
• Restricted number of missiles and interceptors each side could test/produce

• Two very important treaties
• Treaty on Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Systems
• The Interim Agreement and Protocol on Limitation of Strategic Offensive Weapons
• Both were signed by President Richard M. Nixon for the United States and Leonid Brezhnev, general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, for the U.S.S.R. on May 26, 1972, at a summit meeting in Moscow.

• 1967-1979
• Period of easing of Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
• Time of increased trade and cooperation with the Soviet Union
• Signing of the SALT treaties
• Relations cooled again with Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Administrative Foreign Policy

SALT II

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks I (SALT I)

Richard Nixon, U.S. president, and Leonid Brezhnev in conference over ABM.

• Nixon sought to balance the power between the U.S., Soviet, and China
• Did not want to ignore China – feared Chinese, if unimpeded, would attempt to gain territory and power and vye for domination - a potential recurrence of the Soviet situation
• Wanted to settle some sort of truce with Soviet over nuclear warfare, after being driven to the brink of war during Cuban Missile Crisis

• Resulted in an agreement in 1979.
• SALT II was a series of talks between the United States and the Soviet negotiators from 1972 to 1979.
• It was a continuation of SALT I and was led by representation from both countries.
• SALT II was the first nuclear arms treaty which assumed real reductions in strategic forces to 2,250 of all categories of delivery vehicles on both sides

• SALT I, the first series of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, extended from November 1969 to May 1972.
• During that period the United States and the Soviet Union negotiated the first agreements to place limits and restraints on some of their central and most important armaments.
• In a Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, they moved to end an emerging competition in defensive systems that threatened to spur offensive competition to still greater heights.
• In an Interim Agreement on Certain Measures With Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, the two nations took the first steps to check the rivalry in their most powerful land- and submarine-based offensive nuclear weapons.

U.S. Pres. Jimmy Carter (seated left) and Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev signing the SALT II treaty in Vienna, June 18, 1979.

Richard Nixon - 37th president

Improving Relations with China

• Elected in 1968, resigned August 9, 1974
• Running mate for Eisenhower in 1952, lost presidency to Kennedy in 1960
• Goals- reconciliation
• Achievements- ended American fighting in Vietnam, improved relations with U.S.S.R. and P.R.C., revenue sharing, end of draft, new anticrime laws, broad environmental programs

Quiz Time!

• February 17, 1972 – Nixon went to China on unprecedented visit – most lasting achievement during presidency; gained him enormous popularity with public
• Exploited rift between U.S.S.R. and P.R.C.
• Political expedient to have China on side for Soviet treaties
• Administration declared favor for increased cultural and scientific exchange between the two nations
• Overall improvement in relations

What type of government does Vietnam currently have?

A. Democratic

B. Republic

C. Communist

D. Monarchy

E. Oligarchy

F. Anarchy

Why did the U.S. not support South Vietnam in the end?

Ending the Vietnam War

• 1969- Nixon declares continued involvement in Vietnam War
• October 11, 1972- U.S. and North Vietnam agreed to cease fire
• October 22, 1972- South Vietnam disagreed with agreement
• December 18, 1972- Nixon uses force to persuade North Vietnam
• January 27, 1973- all parties signed agreement
• 1975- North Vietnam defeats South Vietnam

A. The U.S. grew tired of South Vietnam.

B. The U.S. was angry with South Vietnam for not following the agreement.

C. The U.S. was in chaos over the Watergate scandal.

D. The U.S. became isolationist again.

E. The U.S. had no money or troops.

How were U.S. relations with the U.S.S.R. after the Détente compared with during the Détente?

A. worse

B. better

C. the same

What was the long-term goal of the Soviet missile talks?

A. To instigate an arms race between the US and Soviet

B. To set limitations on the use and manufacture of strategic missiles

C. To determine which military power had the most advanced nuclear technology

D. To obliterate the Soviet population

When were SALT I and SALT II signed, respectively?

A. 1945 and 1964

B. 1972 and 1979

C. 1976 and 1982

D. 1985 and 1992

Nixon's Detente

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by Grace Jiau, Ankita Sharma, and

Julianna Mendez