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  • When any polluting gas, clouds of particles, or aerated liquid ( fine spray that remains light enough to float), most of these toxins become a permanent part of our atmosphere
  • Earth's atmosphere gas hand-in-hand with the life-supporting biosphere
  • However, as our world continues to modernize itself, the more we invest in manufacturing-meaning the increased possiblity of permanent damage to our environment as a whole .
  • Many of the way we generate & use energy produce pollution of Earth's air & soil
  • Our energy use also poses a threat to Earth's waters
  • Oil is drilled from the ground or from the ocean floor in places scattered around the globe
  • A catalytic chemical process that is used for converting gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) into elemental sulfur (S).
  • Commonly referred to as a sulfur recovery unit (SRU) and is very widely used to produce sulfur from the hydrogen sulfide found in raw natural gas and from the by-product sour gases containing hydrogen sulfide derived from refining petroleum crude oil and other industrial facilities.
  • Hydrogen sulfide: highly corrosive, foul smelling (similar to rotten eggs); can be found in gaseous waste streams from natural gas plants & oil refineries
  • Sulfur dioxide: toxic; responsible for acid rain & equipment corrosion

-also referred to as “flameless combustion”; it is applied in the Claus furnaces - cannot be used without auxiliary fuels; however, LCV (Low Calorific Value) fuels can be burned with very similar thermal fields without the use of enrichment or oxygen

  • Involves the thermal oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, along with its reaction with sulfur dioxide – decomposes into elemental sulfur and water vapor

-the hydrogen sulfur is partially oxidized with air and then converted into sulfur dioxide. It’s then exposed to temperatures of 1,300-1,700 K and given time to reach equilibrium; the products then flow to a waste heat boiler for the purpose of condensing the now elemental sulfur and produce high pressure steam

-finally, the hydrogen sulfur reacts with the sulfur dioxide and low temperatures to form more sulfur

  • The Claus process is equilibrium-limited and on an average achieves success in the range of 94-97%.
  • Although this traditional process has been reliable and relatively effective, present day air pollution regulations are becoming increasingly strict for chemical processing facilities. They are now calling for nearly 100% efficiency, meaning that processing modifications be made.
  • Other factors contributing to the need of refreshing the Claus process include the growing use of lower-grade, higher sulfur-containing fuels.

Often times, the Claus process is enhanced by HiTAC (High Temperature Air Combustion) in a Claus furnace (hold leans streams of acid gas).

These uniform fields makes for clean & efficient burning.

What is the Claus Process?

  • This method of cleaning filthy air has been in use in industry for over 100 years.

The Claus Process

By: Kaitlyn Dunning, Diana Martinez, Perla, Rachael Earwood, Tiffany Hunter

The Claus process is broken down into 2 stages: thermal & catalytic.

Water Pollution from Energy Industries

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