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Works Cited

Labelling and Bans

  • https://www.nongmoproject.org/gmo-facts/
  • https://www.nongmoproject.org/gmo-facts/what-is-gmo/
  • https://gmo.geneticliteracyproject.org/FAQ/where-are-gmos-grown-and-banned/
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food
  • http://responsibletechnology.org/gmo-education/
  • http://www.onegreenplanet.org/animalsandnature/the-environmental-impact-of-gmos/
  • http://www.onegreenplanet.org/environment/how-do-gmos-impact-people-and-the-environment/
  • https://www.fastcompany.com/1676104/the-genetically-modified-food-you-eat-every-day
  • https://www.nongmoproject.org/about/mission/
  • http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/how-to-make-a-gmo/
  • http://enhs.umn.edu/current/5103/gm/harmful.html

What are GMOs?

  • GMOs are required to be labelled in 60 + countries, including Australia, Japan, Brazil, and China, along with the European Union (EU)
  • in the US and Canada, they are not required to be labelled
  • 37 countries have prohibited/banned growing GMOs, but 30 of them allow imports
  • this includes the EU, yet they are the biggest consumer of GM crops
  • genetically modified organism
  • the genes of certain organisms are manipulated using transgenic technology or are genetically engineered
  • allows for the introduction, removal, or change of specific genes
  • most GMOs are modified to be pesticide/herbicide resistant
  • many products we consume are GMOs, so it is important to know the associated risks

Effect of GMOs on the Environment

Examples:

  • toxic to non-target organisms (bees and butterflies)
  • bees are in danger because of GMO crops
  • possibility of GM plants becoming invasive
  • over time insects and other plants become resistant to GMO crops
  • risk of cross contamination with normal crops
  • papaya: GM to resist the ringspot virus
  • potatoes: GM to bruise less easily
  • apples: GM to not to brown
  • corn: GM to contain the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) trait which kills certain insects

Projects Against GMOs!

History

GMOs and Their Effect on the Environment and Human Health

  • GMOs were introduced in the mid 1990s
  • the first approved genetically modified (GM) food was the FlavrSavr tomato (1994)
  • a gene (antisense) that delayed ripening was inserted into the tomato
  • unsuccessful- the tomato still got squishy, was flavourless, and costly

Non-GMO project

  • not for profit
  • they believe everyone has a right to know what is in their food
  • supports organic agriculture

GMO Literacy Project

  • provides information about GMOs to educate the public
  • provide resources for further inquiry
  • counted 14 products in my house with this label

GMO Crops

  • 18 million farmers in 28 nations cultivate GMO crops
  • 80% of packaged food in the US contains GMOs
  • GMO crops are added to processed foods as oils, sweeteners, and soy proteins
  • in 2010 in the US:
  • 93% of soy
  • 93% of cotton
  • 86% of corn and
  • 90% of canola crops were GM
  • the US has the largest area for farming GMOs- 175 million acres (19.2%)
  • Canada- 27 million (16%)

5 min

How are GMOs harmful to health?

How are GMOs created?

Food allergy:

GM food comes from a source that is know to cause allergies in humans or a source that has never been consumed as human food, the concern that the protein could elicit an immune response in humans increases. Although no allergic reactions to GM food by consumers have been confirmed, in vitro evidence suggesting that some GM products could cause an allergic reaction has motivated biotechnology companies to discontinue their development.

By: Danielle Loranty and Abigail Cerna

As you already know genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms that have been altered using genetic engineering methods. The main steps involved in genetic engineering are identifying a quality of interest, isolating that quality, inserting that quality into an organism, and then multiplying that organism. As technology improves so do the methods for genetic manipulation. Over the last century genetic manipulation has gone from simple selective breeding, to inserting genes from one organism into another, to more recent methods of directly editing the genome.

Increased Toxicity:

Most plant produce substances that are toxic to humans.plants that humans consume have low amounts of these toxins that it does not harm us. scientist fear that if we keep genetically modifying our plants the toxins may increase to a level that is harmful for humans.

Decreased Nutritional Value:

A genetically modified plant could have lower nutritional quality than the natural plant found in the ground by making nutrients unavailable or indigestible to humans. For example, phytate is a compound common in seeds and grains that binds with minerals and makes them unavailable to humans. An inserted gene could cause a plant to produce higher levels of phytate decreasing the mineral nutritional value of the plant (GEO-PIE). Another example comes from a study showing that a strain of genetically modified soybean produced lower levels of phytoestrogen compounds, believed to protect against heart disease and cancer, than traditional soybeans.

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