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From 0-2 years of age, infants develop senses in movements and become aware of the sensations they are experiencing.
3-6
This theory stresses the idea that the environment and external social structures influence an individual through 8 stages in life.
Trust vs. mistrust,
Autonomy vs. shame,
Initiative vs. guilt,
Industry vs, inferiority,
Identity vs. identity confusion,
Intimacy vs. stagnation
Integrity vs. despair.
0-1
Infants are strongly dependent on their parents or guardians and when they feel safe they trust the caregiver. When they are in the arms of a stranger or when they feel they are not secure, they establish a mistrust and cry out for comfort.
Between the ages of 2-7. They are able
to copy certain roles such as superheroes,
princesses and even invent imaginary
friends. They have the ability for symlic
thoughts or play.
This is where children start becoming
aware of their social environments and are able to see when they can assert their own authority. For example; children at this stage attempt to find the balance between striking out on their own or letting the fear of doing so, stop them
This theory surrounds the notion of internal growth and development in which people achieve through four stages in life. These stages are;
1-3
Another stage that requires the child
to feel secure. During this stage a
child develops a sense of independence
through accomplishments. Learning basic
life skills and achieving new tasks gives
the child a feeling of secure and more
self-esteem
6-12
This stage consists of comparing one self to others. It will bring out an individual’s capabilities and skills they acquire. It is almost as a healthy competition that only exerts a child’s capabilities that lead them to seeing themselves as either the same as others or even better.
takes place in adulthood where people take a hard look at their lives and establish the idea of wether they were productive in their lives or unaccomplished. Adults look to see if they were successful in their family, work or career domain.
Young adulthood to middle adulthood
This stage is about relationships and how they play a significant role in an individual’s success. Success now becomes dependent on a romance that is either a healthy and secure connection or a destructive partnership.
Between the ages of 7-11. Children learn how to reason. They are able to solve mental problems and unsderstand concrete information but are still unable to think abstractly. For example,they are unable to establish outcomes for action or mentally foresee chain of events.
The last stage deals with the period of old age where people look back in to their lives and either feel contentment or disappointment. They look at all of their wasted opportunities or finished accomplishments.
From 12 years older to adulthood. Abstract thinking comes into play and children develop the ability to break down processes and understand reasoning. They can correlate actions with consequences.
Adolescence - adulthood
In this stage, individuals feel a great deal of needing to be accepted or belonging in a group. If a person is stuck in identity confusion it sets them up for a future of insecurities.
Both theories in the ages at which children reach a stage and regarding the sequence of life events.
Both theories stress that a person passes through fixed stages, and the order in which an individual passes through the stages is the same.
Both of these terms are related to adaptation to the environment and are used in biology.