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Society & Politics

  • Kingdom expanding - various cultures/languages/practices
  • Still very backwards - underdeveloped
  • Cossacks - people living outside of villages. Led conquest of Siberia. Defenders of Russia but loyal to no one.
  • Troubles - Ice Age, various invasions
  • Serfdom Develops - peasants tied to piece of land and bound to perform services for landholder.

Catherine I

Peter the Great

Rule: 1682-1721

"Leave all to..."

  • Rules jointly with his brother...until his brother dies
  • Sister serves as regent...joins the monastery
  • Has a vision for Russia
  • Greatly reforms, innovates, westernizes Russia
  • Builds a Russian navy - becomes a ship builder
  • Modern architecture, dress, even facial hair
  • Tremendous curiosity and thirst for life
  • (Also an alcoholic, partier, rash, absolute ruler)
  • Death - work is left incomplete - but seed is planted

Russian Empire, 1500-1725

Ivan the "Terrible"

  • Tsar - From Roman Caesar
  • Russia considered the "Third Rome"
  • Ivan
  • Grandson of Ivan the "Great"
  • Grand Prince at 3; Tsar at 16
  • Ruthless leadership tactics
  • Quick tempered
  • Greatly expands empire - works to keep Mongols out of Russia
  • Muscoy - Russian principality
  • Rise during Mongol domination
  • Rule from 1276-1598
  • Based on Moscow
  • Muscovite Princes drive out Golden Horde (Tartars) and take over surrounding territories (Novgorod)

Instability

  • Devastated by death of his wife - depression
  • Horrible fits of rage - paranoia
  • Kills his own son
  • Becomes obsessed with death
  • Dies - leaving Russia in chaos
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