Only Elephants Should Wear Ivory

Only Elephants Should Wear Ivory

By: Reilly Miller, Casandra Gale, Brittany MacDonald, Kelly McNeil, Ashley Grube, Stephanie Trombley, Alyssa Hartley, Diana Lanzalone,Tamara Mulhall-Jonah, Angela Speigl, Bonnie Cook

Elephant poaching was worst in 2011

Human population spike (WWF, 2012)

Eliminating nature’s creations hinders the natural evolution cycle interfering with normal diversity of the ecosystem (Ayres, 2000).

moving towards the ecocentric paradigm

interconnectedness between humans and non-humans as they are one within the

same organic system

Overwhelms nurses:

- does not fall into a Westernized egocentric

paradigm of health

Nurses can keep on track with local/global caring by finding local passions that involve animals

Do you feel this is a nursing issue?

Do you have any other ideas on how we can become activists for this issue as nurses?

Principle of intentional caring

Principle of global-local connections

Principle of justice

Leuning’s Teaching/Learning Principles

“Let me live the change I want to see in the world”

Principle of peacemaking

Principle of challenging indifference

Principle of transcultural and transnational relationships

Example:The North American Riding for the Handicapped Association (NARHA)

shows how caring for animals impacts the health for all (Bates, 2002).

What can we do?

Nurses must reflect on what they are passionate about!

Overcome compassion fatigue by participating in self care activities (Stewart, 2009):

And above all be an activst and spread the word locally to impact global issues

References

look past the

egocentric approach

and view the world

as a place where

everything

is connected,

the whole is greater

than the sum of its parts

(Kleffel, 1996).

“one death is a tragedy; a million deaths are a statistic” (Leuning, 2001)

Austin article, Leuning article, and Kleffel article form course kit.

Ayres, E. (2000). The four spikes. Futures, 32(2000), 539-554. Retrieved from course kit.

Barron, E. (2011).Managing biodiversity: Indigenous knowledge, elephants, and the

repercussions of intervention. Retrieved from: https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/sitnflash_wp/2011/12/managing-biodiversity/

Bates, A. (2002). Of patients & horses: Equine-facilitated psychotherapy. Journal of

Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 40(5), 16-19. Retrieved from

http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/docview/

225544706accountid=15182

Broad, S., Mulliken, T., & Roe, D. (2003). The nature and extent of legal and ilegal trade in wildlife. In M. Meacher (Ed.), The Trade in Wildlife (pp. 3-21). Sterling, VA: Earthscan Publications Ltd.

Dossey, M. et al. (2005). “Excerpts from Florence Nightingale Today: Healing Leadership Global Action” from Florence Nightingale Today: Healing Leadership Global Action, B. M. Dossey, ed(s)., 1st edition. American Nurses Association. Copyright 2005, 142- 149. Reproduced with the permission of Health and Welfare Canada.

Falk-Rafael, A. (2006). Globalization and global health toward nursing praxis in the global community. Advances in Nursing Practice, 29(1), 2-14. Retrieved from course kit

“Well I can’t do anything about it”

Global issues of elephant poaching:

- increases inhibiting attitude

- feel it does NOT impact human health

humans are prone to developing an inhibiting attitude when faced with overwhelming situations

media

Informs us of

hardships around

the world including

deteriorating

ecosystems

(Austin, 2001).

nurses can become

overwhelmed

by the large amounts

of information

(Austin, 2001)

Nightingale and 1981

Challenging indifference

Globally through organizations fighting

illegal wildlife trade

Nightingales global perspectives of nursing

Protection and Habitat Planning

The Illegal Ivory Trade How We Are Helping to Stop It

Understanding the connection between an ornament and a living creature (Dale, 2012).

As nurses we must understand the effects on a broader scale

Gale, R. (2012). Only elephants should wear ivory. Think Elephants International. Retrieved from http://thinkelephants.blogspot.ca/2012/08/only-elephants-should-wear-ivory.html

Giesbars, E. (2012). Threats illegal wildlife trade. overview. Retrieved from: http://worldwildlife.org/threats/illegal-wildlife-trade

Harvey, M. (2012). WWF species elephant. why the matter. Retrieved from: http://worldwildlife.org/species/elephant

Kleffel, D. (1996). Environmental Paradigms: Moving towards an ecocentric perspective. Advances in Nursing Science, 18(4), 1-10. Retrieved from course kit

Lowery, N. (1997). Revisiting the Ban on African Elephant Ivory: ICE Case Studies. Retrieved from http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/poach.htm

Moring, K. H. (2010). Florence Nightingale: the legend continues. Imprint history of nursing journal. 57(5), 40-43. Retrieved from CINAHL database. (AN 2010924852)

Egocentric Views

(Kelffel, 1996)

Removes plants

and animals to

benefit society

(Peat, 1997).

Death of a non-human

being is less

significant

(Singer, 1996).

Extinction Rates

The Earth is now in the midst of the fastest mass extinction in the planets history – even faster than the one that destroyed the dinosaurs (Ayres, 2000)

1/3 of tree species in central African forests rely on elephants for distribution of seeds (WWF, 2012).

The ascendance of

man over the rest of nature is an evolutionary accomplishment (Ayres, 2000).

But in reality we need

elephants to maintain

a stable ecosystem

(Ayres, 2000).

Killing of elephants negatively affects the worlds ecosystem

Health for all includes taking care of wildlife (WHO, 2012)

History of Ivory Trade

CITES bans

ivory trade

Countries try to

downlist elephant population to

Appendix II

Ottawa Charter for Health

Promotion: a stable ecosystem is a resource for health

60 tonnes approved

1989

2002

1979-89

2007

1997

2009

Ivory poaching increased

increased to 110

tonnes

40 tonnes of

ivory approved

for sale

Extinction of elephants (Styles, 2004).

Elephants contribute to

environment:

(Barron, 2011)

When these were developed

indiginous people realized how

useful elephants were in their

everyday lives (Lowry, 1997):

Humans encroaching on

elephants environment

Wildlife reserves were

developed

(Barron, 2011

(Lowry, 1997)

Globalization makes it

hard to ensure trade

is conserving

biodiversity

Economic forces drive

the decrease in

biodiversity

(Broad, Mulliken, & Roe, 2001)

So when one animals ecosystem

is affected it affects other

animals and human

ecosystems

Leads to:

Force of globalization that limits a stable ecosystem:

Decreased control

over domestic policy

Increases

international trade

of natural

resources and

animals

Naim, M. (2003). The five wars of globalization. Foreign Policy The Magazine of Global Politics, Economics, & Ideas. Retrieved from http://www.relooney.info/3040_c1070.pdf

Navarro, V. (1998). Comment: Whose globalization. American Journal of Public Health, 88(5), 133-134. Retrieved from course kit

Peat, D. (1997). Blackfoot physics and European minds. Pergamon, 29(6), 563-573. Retrieved from course kit

Porter, S. (2001). Nightingales realist philosophy of science. Nursing philosophy. 2(1), 14-25. Retrieved from CINAHL database. (AN 2002065661)

Singer, P. (1996). The environment. In Practical Ethics (2nd edition), (pp. 264-288). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Universal Press

Spiegel, J., Labonte, R., & Ostry, A. (2004). Understanding “globalization” as a determinant of health determinants: A critical perspective. International Journal of Occupational Environmental Health, 10(4), 161-168. Retrieved from course kit

Financial benefits

for

large corporations

Libralization

Globalization can be linked to an increase in illegal trade (Naim, 2003)

deregulation privatization increased

mobility of economy

illegal ivory sales were the worst ever in 2011 (Dale,2012).

(Spiegal, Labonte, & Ostry, 2004)

IMF and WB loaned African countries money (Navarro, 1998)

Together they are the watch dogs for developing countries to keep them on a specific policy track that opens their market to international trade(Spiegal, Labonte, & Ostry, 2004)

Stewart, D. W. (2009). Casualties of war: Compassion fatigue and health care providers.

Medsurg Nursing, 18(2), 91-4; quiz 95. Retrieved from http://search.

Stiles, D. (2004). The ivory trade and elephant conservation. Environmental conservation, 31(4), 309-321. Retrieved from:proquest.com/ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/docview/230528912?accountid=15182B.

World Health Organization. (2012). The Ottawa Charter of Health promtion: Health Promotion. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/

World Wildlife Foundation (2012). Elephants. What WWF is doing. Retrieved from

http://worldwildlife.org/species/elephant