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Audiences

  • Location
  • Size
  • Consumption
  • Subjectivity

Historical Meaning

Control

  • Journalists as gate keepers
  • Corporate control
  • audience as objects
  • audience as institutional contractions
  • audience as active users of the media
  • audience as producers and subcultures

Exposure

John L. Sullivan

  • Selective exposure
  • Speed
  • Public opinion

People formerly known as the audience (Rosen)

  • use of interlinked platforms
  • participatory modes of communication
  • co-creative activities

Audience Models

Audiences

"the persons reached by a book, radio or television broadcast, etc.; public:

Some works of music have a wide and varied audience."

Dictionary.com

  • audience-as outcome
  • audiences-as-mass
  • audience-as agents

James G. Webster

Approaches to Audience Studies

Limitation of the audience

Sociological

"intimately tied to broadcast modes of consumption"

Ecological

interaction between media and society, how society influences the media, how media changes society

William Merrin

holistic approach, relationship between biological and technological life, creation of environments, rejection of linear way of thinking as opposed to network development, three-dimensional model.

Classic models

Questions about the Audience

  • What will audience think?
  • How will audience act?
  • Effect model/hypodermic needle model
  • Uses and Gratifications Model
  • Reception Theory (encoding/decoding)
  • How will audience react?
  • What will it contribute?
  • How will audience influence the message?
  • How will the audience interact with the message?

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