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Émile Durkheim 1858-1917

Durkheim's view on society

Questions!

  • He lived through rapid social change in Europe
  • Had different reasoning than Marx and Weber
  • Tradition acts as the social cement that holds people together

1. Why do we look to people we hardly know, and whose beliefs may differ from our own?

  • Society exists beyond ourselves and consists of more than just the people that live in it.
  • Society is powerful and guides our thoughts and our actions
  • Society existed before us, so it shapes us and how we live and will forever.

2. Celebrities live such a lavish life, why do you think some celebrities destroy that?

Function- Society as a System

  • Social facts play a big role in the operation of society as a whole
  • Crime is necessary in society
  • People that commit the wrong acts construct and defend morality (deviance) which provides direction and meaning to our society.
  • Crime is normal, "a society could not exist without it. " (1964a; orig.1895, 1964; orig. 1893)

Society

"People who interact in a defined territory and share a culture" (pg 86)

"To love society is to love something beyond us and something in ourselves". (Durkheim 1974:55;Orig 1924)

Suicide Study

social integration= chances of suicide

Personality: Society in Ourselves

more freedom= higher chance of suicide

Modernity and Anomie

  • Society forms our personality
  • thoughts, feelings, actions etc.
  • We are in constant danger of being overpowered by our own desires = we need restraint of society
  • Society provides a moral discipline
  • guides our behavior, controls our desires
  • "The more one has, the more one wants"

Modern society- Fewer restrictions on everyone

Evolving Societies

Mechanical Solidarity:

  • Strong social bonds
  • based on commonalities (Values, interests, hobbies etc..)

Anomie- a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals

  • Patterns of celebrities being "destroyed by fame"
  • Example: Amanda Bynes, Lindsay Lohan

Organic Solidarity

  • bonds between differences
  • people rely on others for daily needs
  • example: plumbers, transit drivers, teachers

Durkheim believes, "individuals desires must be balanced by the claims and guidance of society."

  • difficult to achieve in the modern world

Division of Labour

  • People we rely on everyday for their services
  • farmers, military, emergency responders

"We depend more and more on people we trust less and less" (page 101)

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