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Negative Impacts

• The 14 story apartments will separate communities and make people work away from where they live.

• Only people who have lived in the slum since 2000 will be relocated.

• Current redevelopment projects are densely populated and house lots of people. They are not good for community cohesion.

  • Better quality of life
  • Improved sanitation and drainage
  • Greater access to services

Positive impacts

London

Economic Regeneration

Why?

Until the mid 1970s London’s docks were the biggest in the UK with over 10000 dockworkers loading and unloading ships however in 1981 the last of London’s docks closed.

Social Improvements

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Dharavi

  • The land upon which Dharavi is built is next to Mumbai’s financial district. This makes it a prime target for redevelopment.
  • The people who are relocated will be put into smaller housing in apartment blocks.

Action By Government

They all had effect!

Improvements in Transport

This makes it a key target for regeneration because of the value of the land

In order to counteract the effects of counter urbanisation and de industrialisation the government, The London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) and local authorities introduced new schemes in order to start the process of re urbanisation.

This took place between 1981 and 1998

Negative

Positive

Also involved Environmental regeneration

  • Increase in Income Inequality
  • Causes Tension and Social Issues
  • Many cannot cope financially with inflation in area- Especially House Prices

Pictures!

  • Vast amount of commercial space
  • London now has three CBD’s
  • East London’s imaged has been reformed
  • Resulted in an increase in population size

Why Population Declined

Reasoning

Effects of the dock closure...

• Over 12000 jobs were lost between 1978 and 1983, in some locations of London over 60% of adult men were unemployed in 1981.

• Derelict land was so bad in some places that it was considered too expensive to regenerate meaning the area was unattractive to investors.

• Unemployment meant many people moved elsewhere meaning population numbers decreased throughout east London, between 1971 and 1981 population declined by 18.5%. Those in the remaining population turned to lower paid manual occupations with many businesses such as local shops and pubs forced to close.

• The increase in size of ships meant deeper water was needed meaning Tilbury, 20 miles downstream, was more suited.

• People were no longer needed to load and unload by hand due to the introduction of container ships and computerisation. Felixstowe 70 miles north east of London developed into the UK’s largest container port thereby replacing London as the biggest port.

In the 1980’s both primary (mining) and secondary (manufacturing) industries in the UK were more expensive than those overseas due to a higher UK wage.

Number of mines and manufacturing companies to closed This initially caused the de-industrialisation which resulted in mass unemployment all over the UK.

33% of London's labour force worked in manufacturing- mass unemployment

Re-Urbanisation

The effect is an inner city with greater provision of services, infrastructure and quality of life

However problems such as inequality can arise

The extent of success of Re-Urbanisation varies with each case study

Causes

The process whereby towns and cities, usually in MEDCs that have been experiencing a loss of population are able to reverse the decline and begin to grow again. Some form of redevelopment is often required to start re-urbanisation.

Definition

• Higher population growth in urban areas

• Greater provision of services

•Greater opportunities in Inner City

By James, Grace and Kimrin

Processes involved in Re-Urbanisation

• Movement of individuals or groups into older housing and gentrification occurs

• ‘Large scale’ investment programmes aimed at urban regeneration - property led regeneration schemes

• A move towards ‘sustainable communities’

Property led regeneration

  • Property led regeneration schemes involve the in movement of people as part of a large scale invest programme.
  • Aim to improve the social, economic and physical aspects of an area.
  • An example of a UDC is the Central Manchester Development Corporation established in 1988.

Gentrification

Positives:

1. Social mix of the area changes with more affluent

2. Increase in bars, restaurants and services

3. The residents have higher purchasing power

4. More employment is created

Negatives:

1. Local people on low income find it difficult to afford the housing.

2. Private rented accommodation is sold off and reduces

3. Friction between incomers and original residents

Often begins with people moving out of inner city areas in MIC examples due to de industrialization or deterioration of Infrastructure and services

Either relocate to rural areas or Surburbs- Rural Urban fringe

  • Extensive road, railway and port transportation network
  • Exclusive bus lanes
  • Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
  • Rio’s Metro, International Airport

Transport

Rio De Janeiro

  • Rapid Population growth
  • Favelas
  • Didn't have financial means to cope
  • Deteriorating Services and Infrastructure in Inner City
  • Attract tourism
  • reduce crime rates
  • Higher quality of life
  • Attract further investment
  • Stimulate economic growth
  • Olympic Legacy

Economic Improvements

Extent of success cannot be judged yet

Dependant on how government react after Olympics and World Cup

Also the extent of the success of the Infrastructure for games put in place

World Cup 2014/ Olympics 2016

Services

Suddenly great investment into the city

Required to deliver services and infrastructure for events

This is also to the benefit of the current and future population

Set to improve Transport, Infrastructure and Economy

  • 1,840-bedroom Accommodation Village
  • improvements to Mauá Square and the region’s main streets
  • Restoration of historic buildings to accommodate 499 new residences,
  • New public art gallery
  • R$374 million (about $187 million) will be invested to revitalize the area.
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