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Boundless (2015). Boundless U.S. History. Retrieved December 17, 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/from-the-new-era-to-the-great-depression-1920-1933-24/resistance-to-change-188/the-scopes-trial-1044-9733/ Web.

Natural selection (2015). Understanding Evolution. Retrieved December 10, 2015 from http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25 Web.

Charles Darwin (2015). Galapagos Conservancy. Retrieved December 11, 2015 from http://www.galapagos.org/about_galapagos/about-galapagos/history/human-discovery/charles-darwin/ Web.

Biography.com Editors (2015). Charles Darwin Biography. Biography.com. Retrieved December 10, 2015 from http://www.biography.com/people/charles-darwin-9266433 Web.

Linder, D. O. (2015). An introduction to the John Scopes (monkey) trial. State v. John Scopes ("The Monkey Trial"). University of Missouri-Kansas City. Retrieved December 16, 2015 from http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/evolut.htm Web.

Than, K. (2015). Darwin's theory of evolution. LivingScience. Retrieved Decmber 16, 2015 from http://www.livescience.com/474-controversy-evolution-works.html Web.

University of California - Davis. (2006, October 13). Comparing Chimp, Human DNA. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 17, 2015 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061013104633.htm. Web.

The Scopes Trial

In 1925, one of the greatest debates between Evolution and Creationism was set in court. A 24-year-old high school biology teacher, John Scopes, challenged the state law of Tennessee, the Butler Act, that outlawed the teaching of evolution in his class. The law was supported by William Jennings Byran, a Christian Fundalmentalist who opposed Darwin's theory for it "denied" how Man was created in the Bible, and instead tells how Man was descended from "a lower order of animals," specifically monkeys and apes (http://law2.umkc.edu/).

  • The Scopes Trial lasted from July 13 - 21, 1925, and the ultimate outcome was that Scopes was found guilty and fined $100, yet as the 1930s, anti-evolutionist movement began to decline, and eventually, in the mid-1960s, the Butler Act was repealed (www.boundless.com).

Creationism

As opposed to the Theory of Evolution, Christians believe that God created the universe, the world, the species of animals and plants, and Man, according to Genesis 1 - 2:4. Such a theory stating that humans are descended from primates goes against what the Bible says about the creation of Man, and how humans are descended from Adam and Eve.

Works Cited

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is a term coined by Darwin to stress the concept of his theory of evolution with various steps:

1. The variation of traits - some finches have small beaks; others have larger beaks.

2. Different reproduction - Not every individual species can survive in the environment; for example, the large-beaked finches survive to reproduce in the drought more than the small-beaked finches

3. Heredity - The large-beaked finches have babies that inherit their parents' large beaks.

4. Outcome - The large beaks is more adaptable than the small beaks in the drought; the large-beaked finches become more common in population than the small-beaked finches, eventually all finches will inherit the large beaks.

(http://evolution.berkeley.edu/)

Why is the Theory of Evolution controversial?

The theory of evolution is one of science's "best substantiated theories" in history (http://www.livescience.com/), describing the theory as how living organisms change over time to adapt the environment in better circumstances, such as hearing, seeing, running faster, etc. However, since Charles Darwin hypotehsized the Theory of Evolution, it has been debated for over a century and a half, mainly between science versus religion, specifically Christianity, which states that God created the universe and the creatures of the world.

Origin of Darwin's Theory

Charles Darwin, a British biologist, went on board the HMS Beagle in 1831 to study various specimens around the world such as birds, plants, and fossils in a five year survey in South America (http://www.biography.com/). After returning to England in 1836, Darwin wrote down what he found in the animals and fossils, such as his observation with three different mockingbirds on the Galapagos Islands; he later published these findings in his book, On the Origin of Species in 1859, stressing his observation on the concept of evolution (http://www.galapagos.org/).

Do Men come from Apes?

Following Darwin's theory of evolution, scientists have studied over the years that we humans are closely related to apes, specifically chimpanzees.

  • Obviously, humans and chimps have similar hand structures
  • We share about 98% of our DNA with chimpanzees
  • Therefore, we humans have evolved from chimpanzees, and, in general, the apes.
  • (http://www.sciencedaily.com/).

The Controversy of The Theory of Evolution

By Patricia Begley

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