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Chemistry is the movement of electrons between atoms
Sometimes atoms share electrons. Sometimes one atom simply takes electrons.
Shared or taken, compounds form chemical bonds.
Related to ionization energy/electron affinity.
Electronegativity - attraction/pull on shared electrons
Follows the same trend as IE/EA
Understanding different kinds of bonds using electronegativity
Thanks to electronegativity, there are three bonds:
High electronegativity difference
One Metal + One Nonmetal = One Salt (ionic compound)
Nonmetal (usually) steals electrons from metal
Produces cations, anions
Positive, negative charges attract
Two metals, low electronegativity, low difference between them
Two nonmetals - high electronegativity, low difference between them
Electrons shared between atoms
Neither element has a strong desire for electrons
Form covalent bonds, atomic orbitals with valence electrons mix, form molecular orbitals
Atomic orbitals mix, but en masse, throughout the whole metal
Forms a "sea of electrons" moving through the whole structure