Evolution of the solar system

The birth of Sun

The Sun is a perfectly normal example of a star, formed from the solar nebula 4.6 billion years ago.

The birth of Earth

The birth of solar system

The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.

The Earth was formed 4.5 billions ago. But at that time, the Earth was just a big rock, and there were no organisms there.

The birth of solar system

The birth of Sun

The birth of Earth

Evolution of the solar system

There are more things to introduce

There are three important events

that we need to introduce

by Jingyun Su

Lionel Han

There were many men who came up with different Solar System ideas

Aristotle

Aristarchus

Ptolemy

Copernicus

Kepler

Galileo

Aristotle(384-332BC)

Aristotle was a Greek philosopher. He was the first person to propose this historical model. He thought the Earth was the centre of all celestial beings. His idea was that the Earth was in the middle of the Sun, Moon, stars and other planets.

KABOOM!

Eventually, the Sun will use up all of its energy and start to expand. Eventually it will become a red giant and swallow up Mercury, Venus, and Earth!

As the Sun sheds its material into space, it collapses on itself and becomes a black dwarf, which is a dense dark body made up of mainly oxygen and carbon.

Aristarchus(310-230BC)

What about here on Earth? When the Sun expands, the Earth will not be spared. Like Mercury and Venus, Earth will probably be absorbed by the expanding Sun.

But wait! There's some good news. Some say the Sun will just expanding just before it reaches Earth, and Earth will not be swallowed up by the Sun! However, the Earth, that close to the Sun, will be no place to live. The oceans will boil, and the atmosphere will be blown away. What is left will be unable to sustain life.:(

Since the solar system relies on the Sun for an energy source, its fate is also linked to the Sun.

The Sun is right now a middle-aged star. It has existed for about 6.4 billion years, and it will go on shining, pretty much unchanged, for about another 5 billion years more. At that time, it will go through major changes that will bring an end to the Solar System.

Aristarchus was a Greek astronomer and a mathematician. He proposed the heliocentric model of the Solar System. He attempted to measure the distances from the Moon to the Sun.

The Future

Ptolemy(100-170CE)

Bibliography

http://space-facts.com/

http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://ubdavid.org/kidsworld/explorers1/graphics/3_title.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ubdavid.org/kidsworld/explorers1/explorers1_3.html&h=200&w=525&tbnid=S4_BliNRPLOU-M:&zoom=1&docid=_CXrfxBUBDoCNM&ei=WRJxVdHKOZSZoQSxtYKwCw&tbm=isch

http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/aristotle.gif&imgrefurl=http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/aristotle.html&h=400&w=400&tbnid=OQXBKlyGavzPVM:&zoom=1&docid=hTvde9ERKHqgKM&ei=hxJxVaz0IYm0ogSXp4GoAQ&tbm=isch&ved=0CBsQMygAMAA

Ptolemy was a astronomer and a geographer and a mathematician! He proposed the geocentric model. He believed that a celestial body could go at a constant speed in a perfect circle. It was called the "wheels-on-wheels" system. It had better observations than the model that had came before his. His geocentric model was used for the next 14 centuries.

But will this really be the end? As sad as this future might sound, there is a sliver of hope. All of that matter blown away from the Solar System will eventually be compressed again by gravity, along with the remains of other long-gone stars, into a cloud of gas and dust much like the one that gave birth to our Solar System. In this cloud, many new stars will form with planets of their own, and just possibly, some of these planets may one day produce living beings who will look at the sky and wonder:

Neptune

Neptune is the outermost planet in our solar system. It is composed of mainly gas.

Did You Know?

Neptune may have formed much closer to the Sun when the solar system just formed and migrated to its current position.

Asteroid Belt

Diameter: 55,528km

Surface Temp: -215C

Rotation Period: 0.67 days

Orbit Period: 164.79 years

Known Moons: 14

The Sun

Mars

The Asteroid is located between Mars and Jupiter.

It contains the majority asteroids in our solar system.

Uranus

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is often called the "Red Planet" due to its appearance

Did You Know?

A theory suggests that the Asteroid Belt was suppose to be a planet but the formation of Jupiter disrupted the formation of the planet.

Saturn

Venus

Did You Know?

Mars contains the tallest volcano, Olympus Mons, in our solar system.

Diameter: 6,794km

Surface Temp: -63C

Rotation Period: 1.03 days

Orbit Period: 686.98 days

Known Moons: 2

Earth

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It is the first planet discovered by a telescope.

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and is the furthest planet a naked eye can see. It is mostly known from its ring system.

Jupiter

As far as we know, Earth is the only planet to contain life. It is the third planet to the Sun. Earth is actually the densest planet in our solar system despite not being the largest planet.

Diameter: 51,118km

Surface Temp: -215

Rotation Period: 0.72 days

Orbit Period: 84.02 years

Known Moons: 27

Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. You can fit over 300 Earths in one Jupiter.

(Bruno) Mars

Did You Know?

Uranus rotates in a retrograde direction, the opposite of what Earth and most planets rotate in.

Diameter: 142,984

Surface Temp: -150

Rotation Period: 0.41 days

Orbit Period: 11.86 years

Known Moon: 67

Did You Know?

Even though it take Jupiter 12 years to orbit around the Sun, it actually has the shortest day of all the planets in the solar system (about 9 hours and 55 min).

Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun.

Diameter: 120,572

Surface Temp: -170C

Rotation Period: 0.45 days

Orbit Period: 29.45 years

Known Moons: 62

Diameter: 12,756km

Surface Temperature: 17C

Rotation Period: 1 day (duh)

Orbit Period: 365 days

Known moons: the Moon

Did You Know?

-Earth's rotation is gradually slowing down

-Earth is the only planet not named after a Roman god or goddess.

Did you know?

Saturn is the flattest planet in the solar system.

Diameter: 10,124km

Surface Temperature: 467C

Rotation Period: 244 days

Orbit Period: 224.7 days

Known moons: None

Did You Know?

Venus is sometimes

referred to Earth's sister

because of their similar size and mass

Mercury

Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system. It is also the closest planet to the Sun.

The Sun is the center of our solar system. It contains almost all of the mass of our solar system.

Diameter: 4880

Surface Temperature: 179C

Rotation Period: 58.9 days

Orbit Period: 87.97 days

Known Moons: None

Did You know?

Mercury is the most cratered

planet in the solar system.

Did you know?

The Sun's gravitational pull is so tremendous that it keeps all the celestial bodies in our solar system from flying off

Age: 4.6 billion years

Diameter: 1,392,684km

Surface Temperature: 6000C

Our Solar System Now

Our Solar System now consists of:

-one star

-eight planets

-the planets' natural satellites such as the Moon, dwarf planets such as Pluto

-asteroids

-comets

-meteoroids.

Copernicus(1473-1543)

Copernicus was a Polish astronomer. His full name was Nicolaus Copernicus, but he was just known as Copernicus. He had an extremely complicated model of the Solar System. He used the "wheels-on-wheels system" just like Ptolemy. His observations were a bit better, he changed the centre of the Solar System from the Earth to the Sun.

Kepler(1571-1630)

Kepler's Laws

1.The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.

2.A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.

3.The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler, studied very hard and closely, and he found out that the planets did not fit the observations that were made by previous explorers. He found one that fit the best out of them all! He found three principles, called Kepler's laws.

Galileo(1564-1642)

This man was a scientist who had thought of things that he found out about other models, and approached them, this is called scientific methods. This man was Galileo. He made significant improvements to the telescope, such that he found out that the Earth could not be orbited. This gave big support to the heliocentric model.