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Conclusion and Class Activity

Through the Relational Cultural Theory we are able to focus on the role disconnection plays in individuals who cope using an eating disorder. In addition to eating disorders, other self-harming techniques like self-injury and substance abuse serve as a protective barrier between the client and others. Understanding the root of the disconnection plays a major role in treating the self harm and fostering self-empathy, which in turn can result in successful treatment.

Outreach and Prevention

References

Identifying the need for individual, community and societal change when it comes to eating disorders is a must. Addressing this issues at each level can provide the education and services needed to potentially treat and prevent eating disorders and the vast number of individuals effected by them each day.

Jean Baker Miller training institute. (2016). Retrieved November 30, 2016, from https://www.jbmti.org/Our-Work/relational-cultural-theory

Jean Baker Miller, M.D. (1986). What Do We Mean by Relationships? Work In Progress

Mary Tantillo, PhD, RN, CS FAED, & Jennifer L. Sanftner, PhD (2010). Measuring Perceived Mutuality in Women With Eating Disorders: The Development of the Connection-Disconnection Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 18, 100–119. doi:10.1891/1061-3749.18.2.100

Trepal, H. C., Boie, I., & Kress, V. E. (2012). A relational cultural approach to working with clients with eating disorders. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(3), 346–356. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00043.x

  • Micro: Individual Level Prevention Programs
  • Meso: Community Level Initiative
  • Macro: Nationwide Movements

What Constitutes an Eating Disorder

Treatment Methods using RCT

Love Yourself- Ad Makeover Campaign

Anorexia Nervosa: refusal to maintain normal body weight, maintain less than 85% of expected body weight, miss 3 consecutive menstrual cycles, manifest intense fear of weight gain and body image disturbance.

Bulimia Nervosa: Experience pinging and purging 2 x per week for a minimum of 3 months.

A person may still be considered to have an eating disorder without meeting all of the criteria required for diagnosis.

  • Fostering Self-Empathy

-"How do you view yourself?"

  • Increasing Understanding

-"Why am I self harming?"

  • Renovating Relational Images

-"If I am ____, then the other person will ____."

Eating Disorders and Disconnection

Causes:

  • Sociocultural Norms
  • Low mutuality in relationships

Result of Disconnection

May Lead to Self-harming behaviors in order to:

  • Achieve perceived Sociocultural Norms
  • Preserve Emotional and Physical Safety
  • Gain a Greater Sense of Control - “I can’t control that so I will control this”

Eating disorders are examples of self-harming behaviors resulting from disconnection

RCT and Eating Disorders

“Disease of disconnection” (Tantillo, 2006, pg. 86)

Disconnection to preserve emotional & physical safety

  • Media
  • Toxic Relationships

Eating disorder becomes an ally; something to trust

Eating Disorder Behaviors and Consequences of Disconnection

  • Isolation
  • Distorted Realities
  • Anxiety and Shame
  • Enhanced Eating Disorder Behaviors

Relational-Cultural Theory

Connections VS. Disconnections

Connection: 5 Good Things = Mutual Empathy

Disconnection: failure to achieve mutual empathy as a result of routine challenges in relationships.

The 5 Good Things

What is Relational-Cultural Theory?

Relational Cultural Theory (RCT) is a theoretical approach, which suggests that all growth needs connection and context, rather than individuation, and all growth fostering relationships need mutual empathy and mutual empowerment (Jordan & Hartling, 2002).

1. A sense of “zest”

2. The ability to act

3. Knowledge of oneself and others

4. Increase sense of self-worth and respect for the value of others

5. Increased relational competence and courage

History & Development of Theory

  • RCT was originally aligned with the feminist movement.

  • Developed by Jean Baker Miller, Judith V. Jordan, Irene Stiver and Janet Surrey in 1977.

  • Stone Center at Wellesley College became their institutional home in 1981.
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