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In literature, archetypes are recurrent, universal patterns that evoke deep, emotional responses in the reader.
Critics believe that humans experience reality in terms of certain basic fears, desires, images, and stories.
They assume that writers will inevitably employ these patterns, and that audiences will react to them automatically.
The word archetype is derived from the Greek arkhe-, meaning first, and from the Greek typos, meaning model.
Believed that archetypes are models of people, behaviors, or personalities
First idea began with the intuition that there was more to the psyche than individual experience
Came up with the concept of the collective unconscious
Later, Jung proposed that archetypes had a dual nature
Regardless of where they originated, most myths generally follow the monomyth structure, created by Joseph Campbell.
Examples: Odysseus, Theseus, Buddha, Moses, and Jesus
Every piece of literature is growing and developing from another piece of literature and this growth and development knows no genre
By forming parallels between literature through archetypes makes for an abundant understanding of the text while becoming more purposeful
1. The critic is at the center of interpretive activity
2. The critic works inductively by reading individual works and letting critical principles shape themselves out of the literature.
3. Literary taste is not relevant to literary criticism.
4. Ethical criticism is important; the critic must be aware of art as a form of communication from the past to the present.
5. All literary works are considered part of tradition.
6. Works of literature represent mythical outlines of universal truths.
Pros:
Explains how different literary works and characters are connected
Gives the reader a better understanding
Cons:
Discredits the originality of literary works
Symbols can have different meanings due to interpretation, so the use of archetypal critical theory discredits other meanings
http://www.youtuube.com/watch?v=1QzIQW8CEKA
The part of you that is hidden, the sum of the characteristics you conceal from both the world and yourself
• Self-made man
The part of us that wants to scare away life’s bullies
The big secret: There is only ONE STORY
Every piece of literature is growing and developing from another piece of literature and this growth and development knows no genre
Plays allude to previous poems
Poems allude to previous novel
Etc. Etc. Etc…
By forming parallels between literature through archetypes makes for an abundant understanding of the text while becoming more purposeful
the
There is only ONE STORY
• A “hero’s journey” represents individuals’ own psychological growth as they confront features of their personal and collective unconscious in order to grow, mature, and fulfill their potential as human beings
• Heroes were initially associated with religion
• Later, heroes become secular and oriented with the military
• Eventually, with the rise of realism, heroes become realistic representations of society
• Now, many are anti-heroes
secret...
Current Voices
Northop Frye
Published Anatomy of Criticism (1957)
- literature as an "autonomous language"
- Proposed that there are four types of plots (called mythoi)
- Comedy (spring)
- Romance (summer)
- Tragedy (fall)
- Satire (winter)
- Focuses on analysis of archetypes
the late 19th and early 20th centuries
It became clear that prominent writers were repeating ideas from ancient cultures. Myths from the Greek and Roman eras were thought of as profound and, as a result, authors incorporated these stories into their writings
Archetypes are components of the collective unconscious and serve to organize human thought and behavior.
As we mature the archetypal plan unfolds through a programmed sequence which Jung called the stages of life.
http://www.youtuube.com/watch?v=bVeZz5QnEFE