Pythagoras numbers AND cosmos

More Information

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• To Pythagoras, number was the eternal principle sought by his Ionian predecessors.
• Pythagoras influenced on education in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Quadrivium: arithmetic, music, astronomy, geometry
• Pythagorean ideas of symmetry, balance, and harmony intertwine through the foundations of modern science, medicine, and government. .
• Pythagoras did not discover the famous theorem named after him.
• Pythagoras influenced Greek philosophy, mathematics, and science.

• The brotherhood Pythagoras created was shattered near the end of his life.
• It had become a powerful political force throughout southern Italy, which provoked an angry reaction. – Meetinghouses were burned-
• Pythagoras and his followers had to flee or be killed.
• Pythagoras had not recorded any of his ideas, he communicated his insights face-to-face.
• *Philolaus, born a century after Pythagoras, was the first to write out a version of Pythagorean philosophy.
• neither Philolaus nor later Pythagoreans told us which ideas came directly from Pythagoras.
• Plato absorbed and transformed many Pythagorean concepts, especially mathematics.

PYTHAGORAS NUMBERS AND COSMOS

• Pythagoras or one of his disciples who discover the elegant relationship between the length of plucked string and "the musical note it produces.
• It was the first successful reduction of quality to quantity." Arthur Koestler
• They found the metaphor for creation in those humming strings and integral ratios. The unbounded ranged of paralleled the primordial unlimited.
• Numbers were limiting principle that created note and the harmonious relationship between them that created from pattern and determined what humans saw and heard.

• The Pythagoreans glorification of number could easily led to futile numerology.
• Their use of numbers as symbols seems arbitrary today.
• Pythagoreans made great progress in mathematics, especially geometry and the theory of numbers.
• Pythagoras’s discoveries cannot be easily sorted from the work of the mathematicians he inspired.
• It’s clear that Pythagoras founded the number theory.
• The brotherhood Pythagoras created was shattered near the end of his life.

• To Pythagoreans numbers comprise the actual stuff in the universe.
• The Pythagoreans turned numbers into “figures” such as triangles and pyramids.
• Pythagoras and his followers elaborated the primacy of numbers in a variety of areas.
• They created a cosmogony or theory of origins.
• They envisioned atomism long before material atoms were dreamed of.
• Pythagoras may been the first to teach that the Earth was spherical.

• Pythagoras founded a religious that quickly spread from Croton throughout southern Italy.
• Pythagoras was its unquestionable leader. He taught that the human soul is immortal, imprisoned in the body, and that on its journey toward perfection the reborn within people or animals.
• He attracted hundreds of disciples who gave up their possessions, lived communally and simply, and tried to purify themselves through carefully prescribed practices in order to grasp the mysteries the masters taught.

Q1

Pythagoras considered the ratio of numbers governs the music. Which means he thought numbers create form and pattern of music and determine what people hear.

Thinking what he thought once more, through a perfect ratio of music can make a perfect music.

Do you agree with this idea or not?

Q2

• The core of their believes was numbers. To Pythagoras and his followers numbers was a divine, they saw in them nothing less the ultimate source and organizing principle of the cosmos.
• Pythagoras shifted the focus of scientific thought from matter to form.
• His Ionian predecessors – Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes – had tried to understand the universe in terms of substance.
• Pythagoras thought that without form, pattern organization, relationship –most purely expressed in numbers- nothing could exist.

For Pythagorean, number was the principle that created the harmonious relationship. The ‘Numerical relationship’ made them put a new perspective on the Cosmos.

But the number didn’t enable them to broaden their perspective much more on the world. Because there exists something inexplicable through the number.

Can you illustrate that case in detail?

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Q3

• Pythagoras son of Mnesarchus was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician. Born at c. 570 – c. 495 BC in the island Samos.
• He is said to have consulted with the aging Anaximander, and on his advice he lived and studied in Egypt and Babylonia for many years.
• Around the year 530 B.C. Pythagoras of Samos, left his native Samos in Ionia and traveled to croton in what is now southern Italy, he was 40-50 years at the time.

Generally, the ideas of Pythagorean are about symmetry, balance, and harmony. Their view seems to consider them important.

But in the world, there are some people who pursue the unbalance, asymmetry.

What do you think about them from your point?

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Rayan Almadi 2013210124