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Central Vacuole

The janitors at the hospital.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (or the RER)

The dieticians at the hospital.

Function of Central Vacuole: the central vacuole is a membrane bound organelle that is present in all plant and fungal cells. It contains the water and waste products of the cell, it isolates materials that might be a threat to the cell. It also maintains an acidic internal pH. And many more functions. The janitors at the hospital keep the public space clean and tidy, they take out the waste products.

Structure of Central Vacuole: the central vacuole has no basic shape or size, it all depends on the needs of the cell. It is formed by the fusion of multiple membrane vesicles. They are like compartments filled with water that has inorganic and organic molecules. At every hospital(cell), the number of janitors are all different, it depends on how big the hospital is, how many patients occupy it, etc. Each janitor takes care of different section of the hospital(the compartments), but the jobs are essentially the same.

Cell Membrane

Function of the RER: Endoplasmic reticulum occurs in most types of eukaryotic cells. The outer - cytosolic face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes where protein synthesis happens. Dieticians are experts in nutrition and diets, they advise people on what to eat in order to lead a healthy lifestyle or to achieve a certain health-related goal. To do this, the dietician must be clear on the person's health condition and regular eating habits, analyze it, and then create a plan. The analyzing is similar to the protein synthesis of the RER.

Structure of the RER: the surface of the RER is studded with protein manufacturing ribosomes, giving it a "rough" appearance. The membrane of the RER forms large double membrane sheets that are near and connecting with the outer layer of the nuclear envelope. The dieticians at the hospital have to be in contact with the patient's doctor and family in order to produce the best diet plan. This part is similar to the RER being near and connecting with the outer layer of the nuclear envelope.

http://iws.collin.edu/biopage/faculty/mcculloch/1406/outlines/chapter%207/7-8.JPG

The security guards and cameras of the hospital.

Nucleolus

Cell Wall

Golgi Apparatus

http://diseasespictures.com/endoplasmic-reticulum/

The Doctors who specialize in one field (such as: neurologist, dermatologist, cardiologist, etc. ) and General Practitioners(GP).

http://biologymad.com/cells/cellmembrane.htm

Function of the Cell Membrane:

The cell membrane controls the molecules that go in and out of the cell, maintains the boundaries of the cell, also keeping unwanted materials out. This is what security guards and cameras at the hospital do. They make sure no one dangerous is let in, they watch what is happening and keep everyone safe.

Structure of the Cell Membrane:

It's primarily composed of proteins and lipids. The membrane is made up of holes that allow oxygen and nutrients access. Inside of the membrane are a series of protein molecules that maintain the structure of the membrane. All of the security guards are at different posts at different times, the cameras watch over different places at the same time. But their jobs are all the same - to keep the hospital safe.

The ER crew at the hospital.

The hospital concrete building itself. Not including any of the workers, patients, medicine, or doctors in there.

Function of the Nucleolus: the nucleolus is the largest structure in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell. It is where ribosome synthesis happens. The doctors at the hospital take care of the patients and diagnose their illnesses.

Structure of the Nucleolus: It is within the cell nucleus. It is primarily made of proteins and RNA. The doctors are part of the staff at the hospital(which is the nucleus).

http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/index.php?title=2009_Group_9_Project

http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/cell-wall/

Function of the Golgi Apparatus: It is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It is a stack of membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus packages proteins inside the cell before they are sent to their destination. This is similar to what medical assistants do. They check patients in, take vital signs, and medical record-keeping such as updating and filing charts. Medical Assistants sometimes also give shots, and some help with medical billing and insurance coding.

Structure of the Golgi Apparatus: It is found both in the cytoplasm of both plant and animal cells. It is composed of stacks of membrane bound structures known as cisternae. Cisternae are flattened stacks of membrane usually found in a series of five to eight.

Function of the Cell Wall:

It protects the cell, provides a shape to it, and prevents water loss. Just like the concrete hospital building giving shelter and keeping everything and everyone in it safe, also telling the people who are outside of the building that it is a hospital.

Structure of the Cell Wall:

It is situated right outside of the cell membrane (in this case, the cell membrane is the security guards and cameras of the hospital). It has three layers: middle lamella, primary wall, and the secondary wall. The hospital walls also have different layers, the insulation, the plastic sheets, the wood structure, the concrete, and the paint.

https://sites.google.com/site/organelleshop/golgi-apparatus

Chloroplast

The solar panels on the roof of the hospital.

Nucleus

Hospital

Function of Chloroplasts: They enable plants and certain algae to convert solar energy to chemical energy. The solar panels convert solar energy to electricity for the hospital(the cell) to use.

Structure of Chloroplasts: Each chloroplast is surrounded by double layered membrane. This membrane is made up of proteins and lipids. Solar panels are made up of individual cells that are connected to each other.

Mitochondria

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (or the SER)

The whole staff of the hospital: doctors, managers, janitors, nurses, the HR, etc.

The Human Resources Department. (the HR)

http://passscience.blogspot.ca/2010/09/structure-of-cell-part-3.html

The physical therapists at the hospital.

http://www.photo-dictionary.com/phrase/841/mitochondrion.html

Function of the Nucleus: The nucleus of the cell stores DNA. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus (these cells are eukaryotic because they have a nucleus). The nucleus is the core of the cell, so is the staff at the hospital, they have all the knowledge and information of the hospital.

Structure of the Nucleus: It is big and round and is the largest organelle in a cell. There is only one in each cell. It is surrounded by a membrane. Other than the patients, the number of staff members in the hospital is the greatest. And they are being protected by the security guards and cameras in the hospital (which is the membrane in the cell that protects the nucleus.)

Function of the Mitochondria: it provides the energy a cell needs to move and divide. It also produces secretory products. They are the "power centers" of the cell. The HR department of the hospital provides all of the human resources(in this case --- energy for the cell) that the hospital needs. The HR department is a very important part of the cell, so is the mitochondria to the cell.

Structure of the Mitochondria: they are very small, about the size of bacteria. They are membrane bound organelles and have a double membrane. The outer membrane is smooth and the inner membrane is convoluted. The HR people don't appear in front of the patients a lot, but they play a vital part in keeping the hospital operating.

My analogy for a plant cell is a hospital.

Ribosomes

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html

They are the radiologists at the hospital.

Function of the SER: The SER has functions in metabolic processes.It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. In muscle cells (animal cell), it regulates concentration of the calcium ions. People who have been in accidents or have disabling conditions go to a physio therapist. They use a variety of techniques, called modalities, to restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities in their patients. Physia therapists have to have a lot of background knowledge about the patient in order to create a plan. They have to understand the injury and previous exercise habits, etc.

Structure of the SER: The SER is connected to the nuclear envelope. It is found in both animal and plant cells, but has different functions in each. The SER also contains the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. This converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose, a step in gluconeogenesis. It also consists tubules that are located near the cell periphery. The therapists also have to consult with the patient's doctor about the injury in order to create a rehabilitation plan (similar to dieticians or the RER) .

Function of ribosomes: Ribosomes perform protein synthesis. The radiologist use imaging to diagnose and treat disease that is within the body, which is like performing protein synthesis. They are both analyzing.

Structure of ribosomes:

It is the sight of biological protein synthesis. The ribosomes are made up of the large subunit(joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain) and the small subunit(that reads the RNA). In radiology, There are different ways of producing images for the radiologists to read.

http://rna.ucsc.edu/rnacenter/ribosome_images.html

http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/endoplasmic-reticulum/

Cytoplasm

The hospital air.

Function of the cytoplasm: The cytoplasm has three major elements; the cytosol, organelles and inclusions.

Cytosol - The cytosol is the portion of the cytoplasm not contained within membrane-bound organelles. Cytosol makes up about 70% of the cell volume and is composed of water, salts and organic molecules.

Organelles - are membrane-bound, and are structures inside the cell that have specific functions.

Inclusions: Are small particles of insoluble substances suspended in the cytosol.

The hospital is filled with air and the air in the hospital(the cell) is circulated and regulated, the amount of oxygen is being controlled. The temperature of the air is also regulated and recorded.

Structure of the cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is about 80% water and is usually colorless.It’s inside the enclosing membrane of a biological cell, except for the nucleus and nuclear membrane.

Cytosol: The cytosol is a complex mixture of cytoskeleton filaments, dissolved molecules, and water that fills much of the volume of a cell.

Oxygen, like cytoplasm, occupies the space that is not being occupied by other structures.

Cytoskeleton (microfilaments and microtubules)

The nurses.

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Cytoplasm

Function of the Cytoskeleton: Cytoskeleton can be found in any cell. It is a network of fibers composed of proteins contained within the cell's cytoplasm. But the structure, function, and behavior of the cytoplasm can be very different, depending on the cell type.

Intermediate filaments - are a part of the cytoskeleton of all animals. They function in the maintenance of cell-shape by bearing tension, organizing the internal tridimensional structure of the cell, and anchoring organelles and serving as structural components of the nuclear lamina.

Microtubules - It plays a key role in the synthesis of the cell wall in plants.

There are nurses in every hospital. They play an important role in the organization of the hospital - just like the cytoskeleton. There are also sometimes different types of nurses who take care of different patients, it depends on which department they work in.

Structure of the Cytoskeleton:

The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that criss-cross the cytoplasm of cells.

Intermediate filaments - These filaments average 10 nanometers in diameter. Made of vimentin, keratin, neurofilaments of neural cells, and lamin (which gives structural support to the nuclear envelope).

Microtubules - Microtubules are hollow cylinders that are about 23 nm in diameter. Comprising 13 protofilaments that are polymers of alpha and beta tubulin.

The nurses that work at the hospital all have differnt responsibilities and are very busy, they need good collaboration and communicating skills to have all of their shifts organized, it is a complicated net work.

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cytoskeleton.html

Cell Wall: http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/cell-wall/

Cell Membrane: http://biologymad.com/cells/cellmembrane.htm

Nucleus: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html

Nucleolus: http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/index.php title=2009_Group_9_Project

Ribosome: http://rna.ucsc.edu/rnacenter/ribosome_images.html

Mitochondria: http://www.photo-dictionary.com/phrase/841/mitochondrion.html

Chloroplast: http://passscience.blogspot.ca/2010/09/structure-of-cell-part-3.html

Central Vacuole: http://iws.collin.edu/biopage/faculty/mcculloch/1406/outlines/chapter%207/7-8.JPG

Golgi Apparatus: https://sites.google.com/site/organelleshop/golgi-apparatus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: http://diseasespictures.com/endoplasmic-reticulum/

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/endoplasmic-reticulum/

Cytoskeleton: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cytoskeleton.html

Cytoplasm: http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Cytoplasm

Source Citations:

"Cells." Plant Sciences. Ed. Richard Robinson. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001. Science in Context. Web. 6 Nov. 2014.

http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=albertak12&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2643350046

"Differentiation in Plants." Biology. Ed. Richard Robinson. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2009. Science in Context. Web. 6 Nov. 2014.

http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=albertak12&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2642150100

"Cell Walls." Plant Sciences. Ed. Richard Robinson. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001. Science in Context. Web. 6 Nov. 2014.

http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=albertak12&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2643350049

Plant Cell Analogy: Hospital

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