Biology Scavenger Hunt

Biology Scavenger Hunt

by: Kassandra Perez

Commensalism

Hey thanks a lot!

There is more...

http//ngm.nationalgeographic.com/u/TvyamNb-BivtNwcoxtkc5xGBuGkIMh_nj4UJHQKuor8GfbPtMlMcv8QSbLcCw_EVtxiviXKeNoAnaw/

Huh?

Cattle egrets are birds that hang around pastures because the cows will stir up the insects. Birds get their insects and the cows are unaffected.

http//2.bp.blogspot.com/-wmUztF4VuOA/UGui_tHVMGI/AAAAAAAAADE/q3FcOBe3umE/s1600/amos-nachoum-barnacle-encrusted-whale-tail.jpg

Relationship between two organisms in which on benefits without affecting the other. For example, barnacles attach to whales where they can get food and protection while the whale remains unaffected.

Parasitism

Plants aren't safe either!

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Acyrthosiphon_pisum_(pea_aphid)-PLoS.jpg

Aphids are insects that eat the sap from the plants on which they live.

Get off of me!

http//blog.23andme.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Intestinal-Parasitic-Worms.jpg

Symbiotic relationship between species in which on of them (parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (host). An example are tapeworms which attach themselves to the inside of animals' intestines and eat the partly digested food. This takes away nutrients from the host.

Archaebacteria

Biological Magnification

I'm not your typical bacteria.

http//www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/215452-5428-24.jpg

Cuticle Crisis!

http//bio1100.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch38/38_01.jpg

The increasing concentration of toxic substances, such as DDT, as you go up each level in the food chain. It builds up.

There are three major groups of archaebacteria. They differ from eubacteria in the composition of their plasma membrane and the arrangement of base pairs in RNA. They're considered to be an ancient form of life that evolved separately from bacteria and belong in the kingdom Archae.

Adenosine Triphosphate

http//www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/topics/Article%20Images/defensesfig08.jpg

Mutualism

Asexual Reproduction

In some plants, the cuticle is the water-impervious protective layer covering cells of leaves and other parts. The cuticle limits water loss, which is very important.

a.k.a. ATP

http//scienceaid.co.uk/biology/biochemistry/images/atp.jpg

I like zebras

There are two of me!

http//www.meritnation.com/img/shared/userimages/mn_images/image/binary%20fission.png

Through binary fission, one organism divides to form two daughter organisms. Prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (fungi) can both reproduce through binary fission.

I've got my buddy!

Mutualism Madness

http//r.ddmcdn.com/w_622/u_0/gif/curiosity-30-common-phobias-pictures-7.jpg

Bees go from flower to flower gathering nectar, which they make into food. When a bee lands on a flower, it picks up some of its pollen and carries it the another flower, pollinating it. Bees get food, flowers reproduce.

This is the high energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do everything. In animal cells, ATP is made in mitochondria and plant cells make ATP through photosynthesis. It has three phosphates and if one is removed, it releases energy and turns into ADP, when can then be turned back into ATP (it's a cycle!)

I like oxpeckers

http//www.saburchill.com/ans02/images2/210807004.jpg

http//www.necsi.edu/projects/evolution/co-evolution/mutualistic/bird+zebra.jpg

Budding is a form of asexual reproduction. There is an outgrowth or a "bud" at a particular site in an organism due to cell division. The new organism separates from the parent when it's mature. Hydra, corals, and some sponges reproduce through budding.

Relationship between two organisms of different species in which both benefit. An example is that oxpeckers land on zebras and eat ticks and other parasites that live on their skin. The oxpeckers get food and the zebra gets rid of parasites.

Glycogen!

Stigma and Style

Eubacteria

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Glycogen_bonds.png

Plants have Ovaries too

http//www.life.illinois.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts/Flowers/42-%20Monocarpous%20gynoecium.jpg

Why so tense?

A carpel is made up of the stigma and style, which together make up the female reproductive parts of a flower. The stigma is at the very top of the style and it's sticky to hold pollen. The stile connects the stigma and the ovule and it varies in length.

http//faculty.college-prep.org/~bernie/sciproject/project/Kingdoms/Bacteria3/eustructure.gif

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide form of glucose in animals, including humans. It's made and stored mostly in the liver. It's an important source of energy.

Homologous Structures

These bacteria are known for their rigid cell walls, some move and some don't. Those that do have a flagella. They can be found almost everywhere and kill many thousands of people a year but are also used in our stomachs.

http//www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/conservation/html/images/website/plants/inf_ov.gif

cat

human

bird

whale

It's the female organ of a flower, part of the pistil. It contains ovules which turn into seeds after fertilization.

These appear in different species and look to have a similar function and structure. They are evidence of common ancestry. The bones above appear across many different species.

Calvin Cycle

a.k.a. light independent reactions

Unicellular organisms

http//legacy.hopkinsville.kctcs.edu/instructors/Jason-Arnold/VLI/Module%202/m2cellfunctionandenergetics/summary6-0calvin_cycle__c.jpg

Eukaryotes

nucleus

The second part of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide enters and leaves as a sugar. This takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast and has three phases. The light dependent reactions supply it with ATP and NADPH (it's a lot more complicated...)

http//3.bp.blogspot.com/-PV0jWRe0iBA/TjTkuSZ3YmI/AAAAAAAAAB0/5SD6jfYROeE/s400/Paramecium_stained_original.jpg

chloroplast

Only have one cell, unlike multicellular organisms. They are divided into these major groups bacteria, archaea, protozoa, unicellular algae and unicellular fungi. They were the ealiest form of life on early Earth some 3.8 billion years ago.

mitochondria

Dominant Alleles

Bb

BB

Recessive Alleles

You're such an eukaryote!

bb

http//www.illustrationsof.com/royalty-free-hair-clipart-illustration-1104587.jpg

To express the recessive trait, you'd have to inherit it from both parents because it's only expressed in homozygous recessive organisms. In the red hair recessive example, only those with alleles bb would have red hair.

:https//encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTNHKRMX8U4g624lyMwfgHSPwH5s4m-YaNpa3bSsugLft_MKiB8

http://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQsOSx3JkxZFN_T-KoWXllyn3WLSiTn7hQN_C8AwDAEv5WE9eIfAQ

http://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSfsdZzJQlCBJvjdusnbCcYd55JspqcG8Ala0LPOsVvOtgyvxuj6A

That's right! Humans have eukaryotic cells all over their bodies. There are nerve cells, blood cells, muscle cells, skin cells... although they all have different specialized functions, they share the same characteristics of an eukaryote.

http//images.clipartof.com/thumbnails/441414-Royalty-Free-RF-Clip-Art-Illustration-Of-A-Pretty-Young-Woman-With-Long-Black-Hair-1.jpg

An eukaryote cell contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They developed from prokaryotic cells, which engulfed free living organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplast. Most organisms are eukaryotes (multicellular).

If you have just one of these alleles at a locus, you will express the dominant trait (assuming the trait follows complete dominance). Say the dominant allele (B) was for dark hair and the recessive (b) was for red hair. Then both the homozygous dominant ad the heterozygous would express the trait.

Before eukaryotes...

ribosome (dots)

Primary Succession

Analogous Structures

flagella

nucleoid

Plant Adaptations

cytoplasm

Secondary Succession

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Secondary_Succession.png

This occurs on preexisting soil after primary succession is somehow interrupted and the population decreases. An example is the development of new habitat to replace an old one damaged by a fire or a flood etc.

Organisms share a structure with a similar function but it does not indicate any common ancestry (convergent evolution).

A Closer Look at Stamen

http//people.eku.edu/ritchisong/primarysuccession.jpg

Way back when... in early Earth, the first living organisms were prokaryotes like bacteria. Prokaryotic organisms were single celled and lacked membrane bound organelles, having their DNA in what we call the nucleoid. They were very simple but all life comes from them!

But wait! There is more

http//www.rainforestfauna.com/images/rainforest-costa-rica.jpg

Plants in tropical rainforests have also had to adapt. A few adaptations include the ability to climb on other to get sunlight, shallow roots to get nutrients from topsoil, and quick water run-off to prevent the growth of bacteria.

Vestigial Structures

Exoskeleton

http//www.veeriku.tartu.ee/~ppensa/cactusbar.jpg

The development of plant or animal communities were none exited before. It can be caused by a lava flow or a land slide. There might be hard rock at first and lichens start to grow, which slowly but surely, break apart the rock and create topsoil. Small plants start to grow until you have a new habitat.

Plants in the desert such as cacti must adapt to the very dry environment. They have a waxy covering to prevent much water loss, long roots to get more water, have the ability to store water, and have spines for leaves.

Cover up!

The whale isn't the only one

Do I really need this?

Vestigial structures can be painful...

Wisdom teeth helped our ancestors grind plant tissue and they had lager jaws with more teeth. But as human diet changed, smaller jaws were naturally selected for. Now wisdom teeth are useless and most people actually get them removed.

Http//projectzoo.weebly.com/uploads/5/8/8/6/5886590/1132715_orig.gif

http//www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/tutorial/Exo1a.gif

http//www.gentians.be/images/articles/clip_image001.gif

No! This whale does not need a pelvis because it doesn't walk, it swims. And this is when vestigial structures come in. They are what remains of structures that this whale's ancestors had which were useful then, but aren't anymore. What this tells us is that the whale's ancestors were land creatures.

An insect's exoskeleton serves as a protective covering. It is also for muscle attachment, a water-tight barrier, and a sensory separation from the environment. It has four regions.

Population

The anther is where the pollen is actually held. The filament is a stem that holds the anther higher so it's more likely to be pollinated. Pollen is produced in the stamen and held until pollination.

:http//www.esu7.org/~leiweb/Staff/DSchmidt/1/Life_Science_Concept_Maps/Evolution%20Logan%20Becher/analogous%20structures.gif

The four wings above are used for flying, so the organisms had a similar selective pressure. But the physical structures themselves are different.

http//carinbondar.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/seaotters1.jpg

A group of organisms that occupy the same niche and can reproduce to from fertile offspring.

Animal Adaptations

Merry Meristem

...But wait look closely!

Xylem up...!

:http//www.looneypalace.com/img/nature/animal-camouflage/animal-camouflage08.jpg

Camouflage saves lives! It allows all types of animals to avoid predators . In this case, this fish inherited the trait for a light color like that of the sand because this allowed its parents to survive and reproduce.

And phloem down!

http//media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/99/5599-004-D6C19960.jpg

It is also a vascular tissue but it carries photosynthetic products from the leaves to wherever it's needed.

Tissue in plants that has undifferentiated cells and where growth occurs. It's only found where plant growth can take place, and it gives growth to plant organs.

Organisms who are born with traits better suited for an environment will reproduce more and pass those traits on. Darwin's finches are a classic example of natural selection and adaptation. As finches moved into different niches in the Galapagos, there were different sources of food. Finches with hard, thick beaks (1 and 2) took advantage of the nuts and survived in that environment better than those with thin beaks used to obtain food from flowers.

How do plants get water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant? Well they xylem 'em up! Xylem is part of the vascular system and it has specialized cells.

Enzymes

:http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Darwin's_finches_by_Gould.jpg

Genetic Variation

The need for speed!

How is it possible?

http//www.vce.bioninja.com.au/_Media/chiasma_med.jpeg

http//www.chem4kids.com/files/art/bio_enzyme2.gif

It saves species!

Sexual reproduction is huge! Any sperm could fertilize any egg, there is random assortment of chromosomes, and crossing over occurs, all which maintain genetic diversity. Also there are always mutations, which can sometimes have no effect, but can also created new alleles.

They are biomolecular catalysts (speed up chemical reactions). Most enzymes are proteins. They convert starting molecules (substrates) into products and use a lock-and-key model. Almost all chemical cellualr reactions need enzymes to occur at the right rate.

Introduced Species

You're not even supposed to be here

Genetic variation the variation of alleles for certain genes and it's very important to any group of organisms. It is due to genetic variation that natural selection is possible. If every organism in a population had the same traits and an environmental change occurred that was catastrophic, they'd all die because none would better suited.

Homeostasis

Pollinators

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg/640px-Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg

It's a non-native species living outside it's usual range and having arrived there by human activity. Introduced species that have a negative effect on their environment are called invasive species. For example, they can compete with a native species for food. Others can be beneficial.

thanks!

http//3.bp.blogspot.com/_qjH2vnRB87Q/TJV8fEhrkMI/AAAAAAAAAAg/Z8H0VdT5AAw/s1600/cold+person+homeostasis.jpg

http//wrenbishophumanphysiology2011.wikispaces.com/file/view/Article356356_sweating.jpg/194416062/247x306/Article356356_sweating.jpg

Not too cool

Keep it cool

http//www.theepochtimes.com/news_images/highres/2007-6-30-pollinator9.jpg

An organism, such a a bee or butterfy, that moves pollen from the male anthers to the female stigma of a flower so it can be fertilized

Organisms regulate internal conditions do they remain constant and stable. Examples include the balance of temperature and pH (acidity) which the body must regulate.

Autotrophs

Heterotrophs

a.k.a. producers

a.k.a. consumers

literally "self-feeding"

literally "other-feeder"

http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Colpfl27a.jpg

http//www.cheeseandmeats.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/omnomnomnivore.jpg

These are plants (algae and some bacteria) which make their own food through the process of photosynthesis (for plants). These form the basis of every food chain. Every other organism, whether directly or indirectly, consumes autotrophs.

These organisms do not produce their own food and must "consume" it from somewhere else. They include carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores.