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  • Acute: Usually about 6 months after transplantation

Organ Transplant Rejection

Preventing Rejection

  • Mainly:
  • Immunosuppression
  • Infection prevention

What Causes Rejection?

Signs of Rejection

The recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted organ as a foreign object and attacks it using cell-mediated and humoral immunity.

  • Organ's function declines
  • General discomfort
  • Pain or swelling in area of organ
  • Fever
  • Flu-like symptoms
  • High blood sugar (pancreas)
  • Less urine output (kidney)
  • Shortness of breath and less ability to exercise (heart)
  • Yellow skin color and easy bleeding (liver)

Types of Organ Transplants

  • Heart: Can be preserved for 4-6hrs before transplant. Over 2,600 on transplant list nationwide.
  • Liver: Can be preserved for 4-16hrs, can sometimes be split
  • Pancreas: Can be preserved for 2-14hrs, often transplanted with kidneys
  • Lung: Can be preserved for 4-6hrs. One donor can be source of 2 transplants.
  • Kidney: Most commonly transplant organ. Can be preserved for up to 36hrs
  • Intestine: Mostly performed on infants and children. Can be preserved for 8-16hrs before transplant.

Types of Rejection

  • Hyperacute: Within minutes to hours of transplantation
  • Prior blood transfusions
  • Multiple pregnancies
  • Prior transplantation
  • Chronic: Months to years after acute rejection episodes have subsided
  • Previous episode of acute rejection
  • Inadequate immunosuppression
  • Initial delayed graft function
  • Donor-related factors
  • Reperfusion injury to organ
  • Long cold time
  • Recipient-related factors
  • Posttransplant infection

Organ Rejection Facts

  • The first successful organ transplant was performed in 1954 by Dr. Joseph Murray and Dr. David Hume at Brigham Hospital in Boston.
  • 123,000 American are on the transplant list.
  • Each day 18 Americans die waiting for a transplant.
  • Transplanted organs don't last forever.
  • About 560 people contract a hidden disease or infection from a transplant.
  • Out-of-pocket costs for donors range from $5,000-$20,000.
  • A BMI of 30 or less is recommended to receive a transplant.
  • The US has both the highest rate of kidney failure and the longest wait for kidney transplants.
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