Helium Element Project

Who discovered it?

Citations:

Helium

Chemical Properties

Images:

Pierre Janssen and Norman Lockyer discovered helium in 1868 when they were studying the sun through a spectroscope during a solar eclipse. The spectroscope has a rectangular prism that divides every element on the periodic table into its own particular spectrum. Janssen was studying the outer circle of thin light called the corona, when he noticed that in the spectroscope some lines (spectrum of light), could not be detected as an element known to have existed on Earth before. The unknown element was later named helium after the Greek name for sun, helios

• Helium does not react with any other elements
• It is non-toxic

1. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Pierre_Janssen.jpg>.

2. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Picture_of_Norman_Lockyer.jpg/220px-Picture_of_Norman_Lockyer.jpg>.

3. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://cs.astronomy.com/cfs-file.ashx/__key/communityserver-blogs-components-weblogfiles/00-00-00-00-51-2017+eclipse-historical+TSEs/4426.image.jpg>.

4. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://sod-a.rsc-cdn.org/www.rsc.org/periodic-table/content/Images/Elements/Helium-L.jpg?6.0.3.0>.

5. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/S/w/2/1/helium-atom.jpg>.

6. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.funkybananas.co.za/media/wysiwyg/helium.png>.

7. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://geology.com/articles/helium/helium-deposit-model.gif>.

8. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.chemistryexplained.com/photos/helium-3309.jpg>.

9. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.newsread.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Diving-3.jpg>.

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The oxygen inside divers tanks contains a mix of oxygen and helium. Helium just adds an extra safety caution for divers, since it is non-toxic.

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This is scientist Pierre Janssen, who discovered helium by studying an eclipse.

Where is it found?

This is Norman Lockyer, the scientist who also discovered helium on the sun.

This is the kind of eclipse the scientist were studying.

There is a lot of helium in the universe, but it’s really rare here on Earth. Helium is dug out of the ground. It’s most common in places such as Texas where there is a lot of natural gas. Helium can be found in other parts of the world as well. Parts of the world that contain natural gas in their underground area. Underground, helium is created when elements such as uranium or thorium break down and decompose. As thorium or uranium breaks down, the radiation from the elements causes the nuclei of the helium atom to construct itself. When the elements decompose, some of the helium escapes through the empty spaces underground and some gets mixed in with the natural gases.

Physical properties

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This image shows where underground helium can be located

• It’s boiling point is -269° C
• It’s melting point is -272° C
• Helium is colorless and odorless
• The density of Helium is 0.00018 g/cm³
• Low solubility

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This picture shows helium when it's in contact with something hot or when it's melting or boiling

What are its uses?

Citations:

What is the group, period, number of isotopes, atomic structure

Websites:

• Helium is located in Group 18
• It’s a Nonmetal, but also a type of gas
• It’s other location is in Period 1
• Helium is composed of 2 protons, 2 neutrons and 2 electrons
• It contains two isotopes (Helium 3 and 4)

Helium is important in a variety of different of ways. It is used to pump balloons you would use at a birthday party, graduation or any kind of celebration. As well as used to pump weather balloons. In addition, it is also used to cool down the gadgets inside of the satellites in space, so that they don’t heat up and malfunction. Study shows that mixing helium with hydrogen is much safer than putting just hydrogen in balloons. Helium is also mixed with oxygen in divers tanks. It is less toxic when it’s breathed it, than other elements in the table. Helium can be fun to play with too. If you suck in helium your voice will sound like the chipmunks.

What other elements bond with helium?

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ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily. Web. 20 Jan. 2017.

"HELIUM." Helium, Chemical Element - Structure, Uses, Elements, Metal, Gas, Number, Name, Symbol. Web. 20 Jan. 2017.

"Helium." Properties of Matter Element Card: Helium. Web. 18 Jan. 2017.

"Helium." How Helium Is Made - Material, History, Used, Processing, Components, Product, Industry, Raw Materials. Web. 21 Jan. 2017.

"Helium - Element Information, Properties and Uses | Periodic Table." Helium - Element Information, Properties and Uses | Periodic Table. Web. 18 Jan. 2017.

"Helium and Balloons - Party Decor and Rentals for Kiddie Parties : Online Childrens Party Shop." Helium and Balloons - Party Decor and Rentals for Kiddie Parties : Online Childrens Party Shop. Web. 18 Jan. 2017.

It contains 2 protons, neutrons and electrons

This is a Bohr model of the helium atom

Surprisingly, helium does not bond with any other elements. It is a noble gas, which means that it has a full electron shell. To simplify, no other particles can enter the helium atom because 2 electrons is the maximum number for helium atoms, otherwise it would be another type of element. For that reason alone, helium blocks any other elements from bonding with it and creating isotopes. Also, helium is in Group 18, which is the group of elements that are the most stable due to their 8 valence electrons, which is the reason why they don’t react with other elements.