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Transkript

Types of Force

What is Gravity?

Friction

1. A push or pull is a force.

2. A push or pull on an object by another object that is touching it is contact force.

3. A force that one object can apply to another object without touching it is a noncontact force.

4. Examples of noncontact forces are

  • gravity
  • magnetism
  • electric forces

5. Forces have strength and direction.

6. An arrow can be used to show a force

  • length shows strength
  • direction of arrow shows direction of the force

7. Newtons are units of force.

Friction

Question

1. The amount of matter in an object is mass.

2. The attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass is gravity.

3. Kilograms are often the units for mass.

4. All objects are attracted to one another with a gravitational force that is proportional to the mass of the objects and the distance between them according to the law of universal gravitation.

  • When the mass of one or both objects increases, the gravitational force between the objects increases.
  • When the distance between two objects increases, the attraction between the objects decreases.

5.The gravitational force exerted on an object is weight.

  • Near the Earth's surface, an object's weight is the gravitational force exerted on the object by Earth.
  • The weight of an object on the Earth decreases significantly only when the object moves a great distance away from the Earth.

Describe different situations in which you have experienced gravity, static friction, and sliding friction.

1. The force that resists the motion of two surfaces that are touching.

2. Static friction prevents surfaces from sliding past each other.

3. Up to a limit, the strength of static friction changes to match the applied force.

4. Sliding friction opposes the motion of surfaces sliding past each other.

  • When an object is sliding, the force of sliding friction does not change; for this reason, increasing the applied force makes a sliding object move faster.
  • If you stop pushing a sliding object, the object will eventually stop due to sliding friction.

5. Friction between a surface and a fluid, such as air or water is fluid friction.

  • Fluid friction between air and an object is called air resistance.
  • Decreasing an object's surface area by changing its shape decreases the object's air resistance.

6. Microscopic roughness is one reason for friction between surfaces. This is the dips and bumps of one surface that catch on those of the other surface.

7. One reason for friction between surfaces is that atoms and molecules with opposite charges attract each other.

8. Lubricants decrease friction by causing a slight separation between solid surfaces, so they don't contact each other.

Gravity and Friction

Lesson 1

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