THE LISTENING PROCESS
Objectives:
1. Define what listening is;
2. Give reasons why people listen;
3. Understand the listening process
4. Differentiate the types of listening
appropriate to varied communicative
situations;
5. Realize the value of effective
listening
Skill and process of hearing sound and attaching meaning
- A process or an activity of paying attention to what one hears and trying to understand or to get the meaning conveyed or implied by the speaker.
- A combination of what we hear, what we understand, and what we remember.
Listening
“Enabling Skills”
1. Predicting what people are going to talk about
2. Guessing at unknown words or phrases without panicking
3. Using one’s own knowledge of the subject to help one understand
4. Identifying relevant points; rejecting irrelevant information
“Enabling Skills”
5. Retaining relevant points (note-taking, summarizing)
6. Recognizing discourse markers
7. Recognizing cohesive devices
8. Understanding different intonation
patterns, and uses of stress
9. Understanding inferred information
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Hearing
1. Passive Listening
- This is the same as hearing or just the process of receiving the sounds though the sound waves
Identifying and Recognizing
Forming sensory
impressions
Auding
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Speech
2. Active or attentive listening
- This happens when a listener hears the sound, tries to understand it, remembers it, and most importantly acts on it intelligently
1. Hearing
2. Identifying and Recognizing
3. Auding
-auditory
fatigue
-auditory
acuity
-masking
HEARING
receiving
sound waves
Why, When, and How People Listen
recognizing
IDENTIFYING
-auditory
-mental
reorganization
-association
The Process of Listening
- The process of listening can be illustrated as a series of stages:
The Process of Listening
AUDING
attaching
meaning
-indexing
-note sequencing
-forming
-sensory
impression
-appreciating
1. To be involved in many social events or occasions
– It is a fact that man is a social being; thus he/she
needs to interact, deal, and relate with the people
around him/her and engage in many different
communicative events.
2. To get information
– a person listens for information because he/she
wants to get, learn, increase his/her ideas of
knowledge about a thing, a person, an event
or a phenomena.
3. AUDING - the listener assigns meaning to the sound using his “experiential background”
- Indexing- arranging the material according to importance through searching of main ideas down to its subordinating ideas.
- Note Sequencing – the listener arranges the material in terms of time- space,position or some other relationship.
- Forming Sensory Impression – The skills of using different senses to form “sensory images” or “visual impression”
- Appreciating – the listener must appreciate or respond to the “aesthetic nature of the message” especially when the material needs an “emotional response”
2. IDENTIFYING AND RECOGNIZING – this is where “patterns and relationships” are identified and recognized. 3 qualities that may affect this stage:
- Auditory analysis – The listener compares the sounds that are heard with the ones that are known to him/ her in terms of their likenesses and differences
- Mental Reorganization – this is done by the listener when he/she use a “system” in order to remember and structure the incoming sounds
- Association – when making associations, the listener is linking the sounds with his/her field of “experiences, memories, and backgrounds.”
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1. HEARING – this process happens when the ear receives the sound waves. The sound is affected by 3 important factors:
- Auditory acuity –the ears capacity to respond to various frequencies or tones at various levels of loudness or intensities.
- Masking – this is evident when 2 competing sounds are present, for instance, the message that you intend to receive and the background noise fall within the same frequency.
- Auditory fatigue – the effect of continuous and
prolonged exposure to sounds of certain frequencies.
3. To respond to “controls” and feelings
- “Controls”, refer to directions and instructions given
by a person in school, in the workplace, and
elsewhere.
4. To enjoy and be entertained
– People wants to share a good laugh with others and
exchange pleasure.
3. Critical/analytical listening
- When one has to decide whether to accept or reject what one has told/ or decide on the true worth of the information mentioned, make judgement on the claims made, and make decisions, critical/analytical listening becomes inevitable.
THE LISTENING PROCESS
Types of Listening
THE LISTENING PROCESS
- The listener in this type of listening is simply deriving entertainment or pleasure from what he/ she hears.
4. Appreciate Listening
- focuses on the ability of an individual to understand a speaker's message.
5. Informative Listening
Suggestion
1. Seek ways to make the subject matter interesting and useful to you
2. Judge the content, not the delivery
3. Practice listening in a wide variety of situations
4. Keep your emotions in check
5. Focus on ideas
6. Choose appropriate note-taking method
7. Don’t pretend to listen
8. Fight or resist distraction
9. Set aside unrelated personal problems or concerns
10. Capitalize on the advantages of thought speed
6. Focus on more than just the speaker
7. Listen with empathy
8. Listen for total meaning
9. Give effective feedback
10. Listen critically
CONCLUSION
Barriers to Effective Listening
Guides to Effective Listening
1. Listen actively
2. Avoid hasty conclusions
3. Use thinking time
4. Listen for more than facts
5. Listen rationally, not emotionally
Barriers
1. Hastily branding the subject as uninteresting or irrelevant
2.Focusing attention on appearance or delivery
3. Avoiding difficult and unpleasant material.
4.Getting over stimulated by what the speaker says
5. Listening primarily for facts
6. Trying to outline everything that the speaker says
7. Faking attention
8. Creating or yielding easily to distractions
9. Engaging in “private planning”
10. Wasting the advantages of thought speed