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CCHFV

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ED

Emily Dalton

Transcript

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

  • Two documented strains
  • BA66019
  • BA8402
  • Genus: Nairovirus
  • Family: Bunyaviridae
  • Zoonotic
  • 80-120 nm in diameter
  • Spherical shape
  • Enveloped
  • Glycoprotein projections entirely cover surface
  • Cause of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
  • Segmented, circular, negative sense, single-stranded RNA
  • 17,100 – 22,800 nucleotides long
  • Large 6.8-12 kb
  • Encodes for viral polymerase
  • Medium 3.2-4.9 kb
  • Encodes for glycoproteins Gn and Gc
  • Small 1-3 kb
  • Encodes for the nucleocapsid protein
  • RDRP binds to each segment and transcribes messenger RNA

Transmission

  • The virus attaches to host receptors using their Gn-Gc glycoproteins
  • Nucleolin has been identified as a putative receptor
  • It is then endocytosed into the host cell
  • After fusing with the vesicle membrane, the virus releases ribonucleocapsid segments into the cytoplasm, initiating transcription
  • Once enough nucleoprotein is present, the viral mRNA is capped
  • The ribonucleocapsids migrate under the plasma membrane
  • The newly synthesized virion is released by budding
  • No helper virus is needed for replication
  • There is currently no cure or vaccine available
  • Inactivated, mouse-brain derived vaccine used on small scale in Eastern Europe
  • Treatment is primarily supportive
  • Fluid balance, electrolytes and oxygenation
  • The drug Ribavirin has shown benefits in some patients
  • Improvement around day 9 or 10 after symptoms appeared
  • However, there is a 30% mortality rate
  • Death occurs in second week
  • Protective measures against ticks
  • DEET
  • Clothing (Cover body)
  • Gloves and other protective clothing to prevent transmission through infected tissue/blood
  • Isolation of patients suspected or confirmed with CCHFV
  • Appropriate decontamination procedures should be followed
  • Endemic countries include
  • Sub-Saharan Africa, Bulgaria, former Soviet Union, Iraq, Pakistan, former Yugoslavia
  • More than 3,000 cases have been reported since 1944
  • No case has ever been reported in the US
  • Recent case in September 2011
  • Surgeon died after coming into contact with an infected patient
  • "ViralZone: Nairovirus." ViralZone: Root. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, June 2011. Web. 8 Apr. 2012. <http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/251.html>.
  •  
  • "Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever." WHO. Nov. 2001. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs208/en/>.
  •  
  • "Nairovirus." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Mar. 2012. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairovirus>.
  •  
  • Estrada, D. Fernando, and Roberto N. De Guzman. "Structural Characterization of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Gn Tail Provides Insight into Virus Assembly*." Structural Characterization of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Gn Tail Provides Insight into Virus Assembly. The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc, 6 Apr. 2011. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. <http://www.jbc.org/content/286/24/21678>.
  •  
  • Papa, Anna, and Benjiang Ma. "ViralZone: Nairovirus." ViralZone: Root. Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki,, 8 Jan. 2002. Web. 6 Apr. 2012. <http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/251.html>.
  •  
  • "Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 19 Oct. 2007. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/cchf.htm>.
  •  
  • "Deadly 'Congo Fever' Kills Three in India." BBC News. BBC, 19 Jan. 2011. Web. 13 Apr. 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12223182>.
  •  
  • Alam, Mukhtar. "HEADLINES." DAWN.COM. 21 Sept. 2011. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. <http://dawn.com/2011/09/21/surgeon-dies-of-congo-fever/>.

Reference

About CCHFV

Epidemiology

Emily Dalton

Genome

Prevention

  • Many hosts become infected after tick bite
  • Hosts include vertebrate such as livestock
  • Ixodid ticks, particularly of the genus Hyalomma
  • Transmission to humans can occur:
  • Infected blood/tissue of animal/human
  • Fomite transmission
  • Documented transmission has come from hospitals
  • Improper sterilization
  • Re-use of needles

Treatment

Signs and Symptoms of CCHF

Infection Cycle

  • Incubation Period
  • 1-3 days after tick bite
  • 5-6 days after exposure to infected blood/tissue

1. Flu-like symptoms

2. Mood instability, agitation, confusion

3. Nosebleeds, bloody urine, petechial rash

4. Liver pain and enlargement