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"Swimming." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2016. Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/70653>.
Backstroke developed in the 20Th century and is basically just freestyle on your back.
The distances usually swam in competitions are 50,100,200,400,800, and 1,500 meters but that is mostly swam for Freestyle. For the other 3 strokes you mostly swim 50,100, and 200 meters. Also for Meadlys or IMs you usually swim 100,200 and 400 meters.
Meadlys or IMs are were you swim either a 25(one lap), 50, or 100 of Butterfly, Backstroke, Breaststroke, and Freestyle in that order.
Butterfly was first swam by Henry Myers but was invented by David Armburster, a swim coach at The University of Iowa.
Breaststroke started to develop in the 17Th century and is believed to be the oldest stroke.
Freestyle or front crawl is the fastest of all the strokes and became popular in 1902.
In 1896 swimming was added to the Olympics but women events weren't added until 1912. At first the only swimming thing they did in the Olympics was a 200 meter underwater obstetrical course. They later changed it to the 4 strokes we have now, Freestyle or front crawl, Backstroke, Breaststroke, and Butterfly.
Some other sports and helpful things that involve swimming consist of, diving, life saving, surfing, synchronized swimming, underwater diving, and water polo.
Evidences of swimming were first in Ancient Egypt, then Ancient Greece, and Ancient Rome. Those civilizations mainly used for training for war and stuff like that. In the first century B.C.E. there is also some evidence of using swimming in races. Also in the first century B.C.E. a Roman named Gaius Maecenas is said to built a heated swimming pool!
The first swimming championship was held in Australia in 1846 and was 440 yard long race(400 meters).