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Mountain of Motor Development

Autobiography of Christi Lehaf

Skillful Period

(~11 + years)

  • Top of the mountain
  • All movement can be considered:
  • efficient - most effective way to perform the movement, minimal physical effort
  • consistent - being able to reproduce the movement each time it's needed
  • adaptive - being able to adjust movement based on the situation

Compensation

  • When someone who has already reached the skillful phase must compensate or make up for an organism constraint
  • Usually not optimal but can still be skillful
  • Age of onset depends on what caused the need for compensation
  • Causes can be either due to an injury or the aging process

Olympic Softball Pitcher, Jennie Finch, icing her shoulder after injury

Context-Specific Period

(~7 ~ 11 years)

  • Skills gained in this period are ontogenetic, or unique to the individual
  • Experience changes in cognitive capabilities, such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment
  • Both fine and gross motor skills
  • Influenced by family, friends, and culture
  • My parents drove me to all of my practices and attended most of my games
  • I had friends who played on my teams with me
  • Gaining these skills depends on knowledge and experience
  • Skills better attained with instruction and practice
  • I began to attend softball camps, when not in season, that provided me with constant guidance and practice

Fundamental Motor Patterns Period

(~1 ~ 7 years)

  • Behaviors considered to be fundamental or essential in order to develop other motor skills later on
  • Also known as "the building blocks" for later skills
  • Involves interactive coordination patterns such as object projection or object interception
  • Involves fine motor manipulative patterns, which require precision and dexterity
  • Can always return to this phase on the mountain when learning new skills

A picture from a game on my travel softball team. An example of the skills gained in this phase is the precision necessary to project a ball accurately and with enough speed

Preadapted Period

(~ 2 weeks after birth ~ 1 year)

ex. self-feeding

  • Consists of phylogenetic (species-typical) behaviors, so the environment does not have much of an impact on this period
  • Predisposition for certain motor behaviors
  • Biological constraints have a strong impact on this period
  • Ends with the attainment of self-feeding and independent walking

ex. independent walking

Reflexive Period

3rd gestational month ~ 2 weeks after birth

  • Movements within this period are either reflexive or spontaneous
  • reflexive - stereotypical response to certain stimuli
  • spontaneous - movement that doesn't seemed to be caused by any external stimuli
  • Reflexes are necessary for survival, protection, opening a relationship with the environment, and primitive patterns of coordination
  • Ends with voluntary movement
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