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Works Cited

Poor outsiders used witchcraft as a threat towards wealthier people in an attempt to bring more equality to society. (Ciekawy)

Wrong, Michela. "A different magic: a reliance on the supernatural still permeates African society. Now it is not about dealing with nature, but managing the strains of modern life." New Statesman [1996] 10 Apr. 2006: 38+. Student Resources in Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.

Karlsen, Carol F. "Witchcraft." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 8. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 494-495. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 12 Nov. 2014.

The religions of Africa have been misinterpreted because of negative association with the ideas of witchcraft. (Ciekawy)

Ciekawy, Diane. "Witchcraft." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz. Vol. 6. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. 2476-2479. Student Resources in Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.

"Feature - UN Findings Flag Violence, Abuse of Older Women Accused of Witchcraft."Africa News Service 16 June 2014. Student Resources in Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.

Magic and Witchcraft." Arts and Humanities Through the Eras. Ed. Edward I. Bleiberg, et al. Vol. 5:

The Age of the Baroque and Enlightenment 1600-1800. Detroit: Gale, 2005. 366-371. Student

Resources in Context. Web. 6 Nov. 2014.

"The Modern Magic in Africa's Witchcraft Industry [analysis]." Africa News Service 21 Jan. 2013. Student Resources in Context. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.

Witch hunting was done by powerful elites of societies, targeting those who posed threats to their power, specifically women. (Ciekawy)

Magic and Witchcraft." Arts and Humanities Through the Eras. Ed. Edward I. Bleiberg, et al. Vol. 5: The Age of the Baroque and Enlightenment 1600-1800. Detroit: Gale, 2005. 366-371. Student Resources in Context. Web. 6 Nov. 2014.

Social and Religious Factors

A "Bishop" makes $261 for every child he delivers from demonic possessions.

In modern times, they use television and internet to advertise these services. ("The Modern Magic")

Accusations involving witchcraft led to families breaking apart and a more widespread settlement of citizens (Ciekawy)

It exists in 41 African and Asian countries. (“Feature”)

What is Witchcraft?

Witchcraft will last until Africa becomes more stable and modernized.(Wrong)

Modern Witchcraft

The Who and What of Witchcraft

  • Witchcraft = Magic
  • spells
  • Influence nature(+ or -)
  • Devil
  • Evil

(Ciekawy)

WHO

- medieval heretics and satanic worshipers (Salem Witch Trials)

- hundreds accused even if innocent (Witchcraft)

- Even though the country is modernizing, witchcraft is still a huge part of their lives. (Wrong)

- People resort to magic to explain things they don’t understand. (Wrong)

SIGNS

- lived alone, owned pets

- has warts or strange marks, unreligious, able to swim, unable to read prayer out loud

WHAT

- hung, interrogated to death,tortured,or awaiting trial

(Salem Witch Trails)

The Background of Witchcraft

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